The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels. respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?
2.8.1
2
2.8.8
2.8
The Correct Answer is A
A. 2.8.1: This configuration represents sodium, which has one electron in its outermost shell. Atoms with only one valence electron are highly reactive because they tend to lose that electron easily to achieve a stable octet, making this an unstable atom.
B. 2: This configuration corresponds to helium, with two electrons filling its first shell completely. A filled shell makes the atom stable and chemically inert, so it is not reactive.
C. 2.8.8: This configuration corresponds to argon, which has a completely filled outer shell of eight electrons. A full valence shell makes the atom chemically stable and non-reactive under normal conditions.
D. 2.8: This configuration corresponds to neon, which has a full octet in the second shell. With a complete outer shell, neon is very stable and does not readily participate in chemical reactions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 2-1-3-4-5: This sequence incorrectly places tissues before cells, but tissues are composed of groups of similar cells, so cells must come first.
B. 2-1-4-3-5: Atoms combine to form molecules, molecules organize into cells, cells form tissues, and tissues assemble into organs. This sequence correctly progresses from the simplest to the most complex level of organization.
C. 1-2-4-3-5: Molecules do not precede atoms; atoms are the fundamental units that combine to form molecules. Starting with molecules makes the sequence inaccurate.
D. 1-2-3-4-5: Placing molecules before atoms and tissues before cells reverses the correct order of structural complexity in the body.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Contact: Contact signaling involves direct physical interaction between cell surface receptors and ligands on adjacent cells. This allows cells to recognize one another, which is crucial for tissue development, immune responses, and maintaining cellular organization.
B. Chemical: Chemical signaling involves the release of signaling molecules (like hormones or neurotransmitters) that travel to target cells, often over a distance. While important, it does not involve direct cell-to-cell recognition as contact signaling does.
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