The nurse closely monitors an older adult for signs of medication toxicity. Which physiological change is the reason for the nurse’s action?

Renal dysfunction

Pancreatic impairment

Increased gastric motility

Increased blood volume

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A: Renal dysfunction is common in older adults and can lead to decreased clearance of medications from the body, increasing the risk of toxicity. Monitoring for signs of toxicity is crucial in this population.

B: Pancreatic impairment can affect digestion and insulin production but is not the primary reason for monitoring medication toxicity in older adults.

C: Increased gastric motility is not typically associated with aging. In fact, decreased gastric motility is more common and can affect drug absorption.

D: Increased blood volume is not a common physiological change in older adults. Decreased renal function and changes in body composition are more relevant factors affecting medication metabolism and excretion.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A: Neostigmine is used to treat myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants after surgery. It is not an antidote for morphine overdose.

B: Naloxone is the correct medication to have available. It is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression caused by morphine.

C: Protamine is used to reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant. It is not related to opioid overdose treatment.

D: Flumazenil is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines. It is not effective for reversing opioid overdose.

A. Blood pressure sitting 140/60; blood pressure 130/60 standing B. Blood pressure sitting 130/60; blood pressure 110/60 standing C. Blood pressure sitting 126/64; blood pressure 120/58 standing D. Blood pressure sitting 130/64; blood pressure 140/70 standing

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A: A drop in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg (from 140 to 130) does not meet the criteria for orthostatic hypotension, which requires a drop of at least 20 mm Hg in systolic pressure or 10 mm Hg in diastolic pressure within three minutes of standing.

B: This finding shows a drop in systolic blood pressure from 130 to 110 mm Hg, which is a 20 mm Hg decrease. This meets the criteria for orthostatic hypotension, indicating that the patient may have this condition.

C: A drop in systolic blood pressure of 6 mm Hg (from 126 to 120) does not meet the criteria for orthostatic hypotension. The decrease is not significant enough to confirm the condition.

D: An increase in blood pressure (from 130/64 to 140/70) does not indicate orthostatic hypotension. This finding suggests that the patient’s blood pressure increases upon standing, which is not consistent with orthostatic hypotension.

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The nurse closely monitors an older adult for signs of medication toxicity. Which physiological change is the reason for the nurse’s action?

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