The nurse evaluates the client hydration status, using what assessment techniques? Select all that apply.

This is because helping the client to recognize and avoid situations that cause anxiety can reduce the frequency and severity of acute anxiety episodes. According to , a nurse should encourage the client to verbalize feelings and provide a calm and supportive environment.

Choice A is wrong because isolating the client when there are observable physiologic symptoms of anxiety can increase the client’s sense of fear and loneliness.

The nurse should stay with the client and offer reassurance and comfort.

Choice B is wrong because ignoring the client’s behavior as obvious attempts to gain attention can make the client feel rejected and misunderstood.

The nurse should acknowledge the client’s feelings and provide empathy and support.

Choice C is wrong because reducing all stress whenever the client seems anxious can prevent the client from learning coping skills and developing resilience.

The nurse should help the client to identify healthy ways of managing stress and anxiety.

Take this medication at least 30 minutes before ingesting any food or medication.

This is because alendronate (Fosamax) is a bisphosphonate that works by inhibiting the breakdown and reabsorption of bone. However, it has a very low bioavailability, which means that only a small amount of the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally. Therefore, taking it with food or other medications can interfere with its absorption and reduce its effectiveness.

The other choices are wrong because:

A. Chew the tablet well and report any difficulty swallowing. This is wrong because alendronate tablets should not be chewed or crushed, but swallowed whole with a full glass of plain water. Chewing or crushing the tablets can increase the risk of irritation or damage to the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach). Difficulty swallowing is a possible side effect of alendronate and should be reported to the doctor, but it is not an instruction for taking the medication.

B. Take the medication with six to eight ounces of milk. This is wrong because milk contains calcium, which can bind to alendronate and prevent its absorption. Alendronate should not be taken with any beverages other than plain water.

C. Lie down for 15 to 30 minutes after taking the medication. This is wrong because lying down after taking alendronate can increase the risk of esophageal irritation or

ulceration. Alendronate should be taken in the morning, at least 30 minutes before eating or drinking anything, and the person should remain upright (sitting or standing) for at least 30 minutes after taking it.

Normal ranges for bone density are expressed as T-scores, which compare a person’s bone density to that of a healthy young adult of the same sex. A T-score of -1.0 or above is normal, a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates low bone density (osteopenia), and a T-score of -2.5 or below indicates osteoporosis.