The nurse is caring for a child in respiratory distress who is experiencing substernal retractions. Select the red area where SUBSTERNAL retractions occur.
A
B
C
D
E
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Suprasternal retractions occurs at the notch above the sternum, not below it.
B. Supraclavicular retractions are seen above the clavicles, often with severe distress.
C. Intercostal retractions appear between the ribs, not beneath the sternum.
D. Substernal retractions occur just below the sternum when the child is working hard to breathe.
E. Subcostal retractions are located beneath the rib cage, closer to the abdomen, not at the sternum.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Digoxin: Digoxin is used to improve cardiac contractility and manage heart failure symptoms, but it does not promote closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). It may be part of supportive care but is not the primary treatment for PDA.
B. Prostaglandin: Prostaglandins keep the ductus arteriosus open, which is useful in some congenital heart defects requiring ductal patency. However, in PDA, the goal is to close the ductus, so prostaglandin administration would be contraindicated.
C. Furosemide: Furosemide is a diuretic used to manage fluid overload and heart failure symptoms but does not affect ductus arteriosus closure. It may be used adjunctively if heart failure develops.
D. Indomethacin: Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, promoting closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. It is the first-line medication used to medically close PDA in neonates.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. You cannot breastfeed your child, let me provide you with formula options: While avoiding breastfeeding has been a traditional recommendation to prevent HIV transmission, with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), breastfeeding can be safer.
B. Breastfeeding is possible and you really only need to test the infant once after you begin to ensure HIV was not transmitted to the child: Single testing is insufficient because the infant needs frequent monitoring to detect possible HIV transmission early. Multiple tests over time are required to ensure infant safety.
C. Breastfeeding is possible if you are taking your ART and we frequently test you and your baby for HIV RNA: Maternal adherence to ART significantly reduces transmission risk, and frequent testing of both mother and infant helps monitor and manage any potential transmission early.
D. You can breastfeed your child but it will be very stressful and high risk. Please consider formula: While acknowledging potential stress, this unnecessarily increases anxiety without offering balanced, evidence-based information.
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