The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. Which of the following outcomes should the nurse anticipate?

Decreased heart rate.

Decrease in chest pain.

Hypokalemia.

Decreased blood pressure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: A decreased heart rate is not a typical outcome of ACE inhibitor therapy. ACE inhibitors primarily work by relaxing blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure. They do not directly affect the heart rate. While some blood pressure medications can influence heart rate, this is not a common effect of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril.

Choice B reason: A decrease in chest pain is also not a primary outcome of ACE inhibitor therapy. While lowering blood pressure can help reduce the workload on the heart and potentially decrease angina (chest pain), this is more of an indirect effect. ACE inhibitors are primarily used for hypertension and heart failure, not specifically for pain relief.

Choice C reason: Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not an expected outcome of taking an ACE inhibitor. In fact, ACE inhibitors can lead to hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) because they decrease aldosterone production, which causes the body to retain potassium. Patients on ACE inhibitors are often monitored for signs of hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia.

Choice D reason: The correct and expected outcome of taking lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is decreased blood pressure. ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By reducing levels of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors help relax blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and makes it easier for the heart to pump blood. This is the primary therapeutic effect of the medication.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Not needing vascular access to perform PD is a significant advantage for patients. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane in the abdomen as a filter to clean the blood, which eliminates the need for vascular access, such as fistulas or catheters required in hemodialysis. This can reduce the risks associated with vascular access, such as infections and complications related to surgical procedures.

Choice B reason: Being able to perform PD in the comfort of one's home is a major benefit. Patients can manage their dialysis treatments at home, which offers more convenience and flexibility compared to traveling to a dialysis center for hemodialysis sessions. This can greatly improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of frequent trips to healthcare facilities.

Choice C reason: Stating that there is no risk for infection with PD is inaccurate. While PD offers many benefits, it does carry a risk of peritonitis, an infection of the peritoneal cavity. Patients must be educated on proper technique and hygiene to minimize this risk. Hence, this statement is not accurate and should not be included as an advantage.

Choice D reason: Having flexibility in when to do the exchanges is another benefit of PD. Patients can schedule their dialysis exchanges at times that best fit their lifestyle and daily routines. This flexibility allows for greater independence and freedom compared to the fixed schedules required for in-center hemodialysis.

Choice E reason: PD can take less time than hemodialysis treatments, especially when considering travel and waiting times associated with in-center hemodialysis. Although the actual dialysis process for PD requires regular exchanges throughout the day or night, it integrates more seamlessly into daily life, making it a time-efficient option for many patients.

A. Pulmonary embolism B. Left-sided heart failure C. Early onset dementia D. Acute myocardial infarction

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or other parts of the body. The signs and symptoms include sudden shortness of breath, rapid breathing (tachypnea), rapid heart rate (tachycardia), and anxiety. These symptoms align with the patient's presentation and are common in the post-operative period, particularly after orthopedic surgery, which increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism.

Choice B reason: Left-sided heart failure can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. However, the acute presentation of difficulty breathing, tachypnea, tachycardia, and anxiety in the context of recent surgery is more suggestive of a pulmonary embolism. Heart failure symptoms generally develop gradually rather than suddenly.

Choice C reason: Early onset dementia is not characterized by acute respiratory symptoms like difficulty breathing, tachypnea, or tachycardia. Dementia symptoms typically include memory loss, confusion, and changes in cognitive function, not the acute cardiorespiratory symptoms described in this scenario.

Choice D reason: Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and rapid heart rate. While it is a possibility, the combination of recent surgery and the described symptoms more strongly suggests a pulmonary embolism. An acute myocardial infarction would typically also present with chest pain, which is not mentioned in this scenario.

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The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. Which of the following outcomes should the nurse anticipate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is unsure of the decision to undergo peritoneal dialysis (PD) and wishes to discuss the advantages of this treatment with the nurse. Which statements by the nurse are accurate regarding PD? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A 76-year-old patient is 2 days post-op total hip replacement. The patient puts his call light on to complain of difficulty catching his breath. As the nurse assesses the patient, she finds the patient tachypneic, tachycardic, and very anxious. The nurse determines these are most likely signs of:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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