The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). What clinical manifestations will the nurse anticipate the patient to present? (Select All That Apply)

Kussmaul breathing

Abdominal pain

Positive Trousseau sign

Decreased heart rate

Confusion

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,E

Choice A reason: Kussmaul breathing is a deep, labored breathing pattern that is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis, commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Choice B reason: Abdominal pain is a common symptom in diabetic ketoacidosis due to the metabolic disturbances and dehydration.

Choice C reason: A positive Trousseau sign is associated with hypocalcemia and is not a common manifestation of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Choice D reason: Decreased heart rate is not typical in diabetic ketoacidosis. In fact, patients might present with an increased heart rate due to dehydration and acidosis.

Choice E reason: Confusion is a symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis due to the effects of severe hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis on the brain.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Drowsiness is not a typical side effect of prednisone. Prednisone can cause alertness and difficulty sleeping, making drowsiness an unlikely side effect. It is more commonly associated with medications that have sedative properties.

Choice B reason: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a potential side effect of prednisone. Corticosteroids like prednisone can cause fluid retention and increase blood pressure. Patients taking prednisone should monitor their blood pressure regularly and discuss any significant changes with their healthcare provider.

Choice C reason: Weight loss is not a common side effect of prednisone. In fact, prednisone can cause weight gain due to increased appetite and fluid retention. Patients on prednisone should be mindful of their diet and exercise to manage potential weight changes.

Choice D reason: Skin thickening is not a typical side effect of prednisone. Corticosteroids can cause thinning of the skin with long-term use, rather than thickening. Patients should be aware of this potential side effect and take steps to protect their skin.

A. Bronchoconstriction B. Pulmonary edema C. Hemoptysis D. Pneumothorax

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Bronchoconstriction is the hallmark of COPD. The narrowing of the airways produces wheezing that is heard throughout the lung fields, making this finding consistent with the patient’s condition.

Choice B reason:

Pulmonary edema usually causes crackles (rales), not widespread wheezing. It’s more related to fluid overload in the lungs rather than airway narrowing.

Choice C reason:

Hemoptysis involves coughing up blood. This symptom does not correlate with wheezing and would be noted as blood in the sputum, not an audible finding on auscultation.

Choice D reason:

Pneumothorax typically presents with diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side, not diffuse wheezing. It is more associated with sudden chest pain and respiratory distress.

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The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). What clinical manifestations will the nurse anticipate the patient to present? (Select All That Apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who has an order for prednisone orally. When planning medication teaching, the nurse will plan to include which potential side effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is reporting dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What does this finding indicate to the nurse about this patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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