The nurse is closely monitoring the intake and output of an infant with heart failure who is receiving diuretic therapy. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to assess urine output?

A. Vomiting about 2 hours after feeding: Vomiting in pyloric stenosis typically occurs shortly after feeding, not hours later. This is due to the obstruction at the pylorus that prevents food from moving from the stomach to the small intestine.

B. Vomiting immediately after feeding: Infants with pyloric stenosis often experience forceful, projectile vomiting immediately after feeding. This is due to the narrowing of the pyloric valve, causing food to back up in the stomach and be expelled forcefully.

C. Chronic diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a typical symptom of pyloric stenosis. The condition primarily causes vomiting due to the obstruction at the pylorus, not changes in bowel movements.

D. Refusal to eat: While infants with pyloric stenosis may be irritable and uncomfortable due to vomiting, they usually continue to have a strong appetite and may want to eat frequently despite the vomiting, as they are not absorbing nutrients properly. Refusal to eat is not a hallmark symptom.

A. Blood pressure: Monitoring blood pressure regularly during pregnancy is crucial to detect any signs of hypertension or preeclampsia, which can develop later in pregnancy, particularly after 20 weeks.

B. Blood glucose: A glucose challenge test is performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation to screen for gestational diabetes. While a client might have an indication for a repeat or individual blood glucose check at 32 weeks, it is not a routine assessment at this gestational age

C. Fetal heart rate: Checking the fetal heart rate helps assess the baby's well-being and ensures there are no signs of distress. It is a standard part of every prenatal visit to monitor fetal health.

D. Pap Smear: A Pap smear is typically performed early in pregnancy, not at 32 weeks, unless there is a specific concern. It is usually done during the first prenatal visit or in the early second trimester.

E. Pelvic ultrasound: While ultrasound can be used for specific concerns, such as assessing fetal growth or position, it is not routinely performed at 32 weeks unless there is a medical reason for it, like assessing for fetal anomalies. A routine comprehensive ultrasound (anatomy scan) is usually performed between 18 and 22 weeks gestation.

F. Fundal height: Measuring the fundal height is essential to track fetal growth. At 32 weeks, this measurement helps determine whether the baby is growing appropriately in relation to the gestational age.