Which assessment findings suggest that an infant with diarrhea is severely dehydrated?

Salty saliva and tears with crying

Low specific gravity of urine, moist skin

Depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor

Moist and flushed skin, fontanels (fontanelles) depressed

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Salty saliva and tears with crying: Salty saliva and tears can be seen in dehydration, but they are not specific signs of severe dehydration. More severe dehydration is indicated by other physical findings like depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor.

B. Low specific gravity of urine, moist skin: A low specific gravity of urine indicates dilute urine, which is common in a well-hydrated individual together with moist skin. In severe dehydration, urine output is usually low, and skin may appear dry.

C. Depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor: Depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor are classic signs of severe dehydration in infants. These findings reflect significant fluid loss and reduced circulation, which are critical signs of dehydration.

D. Moist and flushed skin, fontanels (fontanelles) depressed: While depressed fontanels are a sign of dehydration, moist and flushed skin is not consistent with severe dehydration. Skin in dehydration is often dry and less elastic.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Your baby's defect is small and will likely close on its own by 1 year of age": Small VSDs often close spontaneously within the first year, and surgery is usually not needed unless the defect is large or causing symptoms.

B. "With a small defect like this, they wait until the child is 10 years old to do the surgery": Surgery for a small VSD is generally not needed unless complications arise. Most close naturally in infancy.

C. "It is common for health-care providers to wait until an infant develops respiratory distress before they do surgery": While respiratory distress is a symptom that might prompt surgical consideration for a VSD, healthcare providers do not wait for a child to develop severe symptoms before intervening. Surgery is considered based on symptoms and defect size.

D. "It is always helpful to get a second opinion about any serious condition like this": A second opinion is not necessary for most small VSDs, which often close on their own. The focus should be on providing accurate information and reassurance.

A. "Your baby is making urine so this is adding to what's in your bladder." B. "Your kidneys now have less cells to filter the fluid that goes through" C. "Your growing uterus is putting pressure on your bladder causing you to go" D. "Your urine is more concentrated now, so you have to go more often"

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Your baby is making urine so this is adding to what's in your bladder.": While the baby does produce urine, it is not stored in the mother's bladder. The baby’s urine is filtered through the placenta and into the amniotic fluid, not contributing directly to the mother's urinary frequency.

B. "Your kidneys now have less cells to filter the fluid that goes through": Pregnancy increases kidney function. The kidneys filter more blood and produce more urine to accommodate the increased blood volume in the body, but frequent urination is not due to fewer cells.

C. "Your growing uterus is putting pressure on your bladder causing you to go": During early pregnancy, the growing uterus starts to exert pressure on the bladder, which leads to increased frequency of urination. This is a common and normal symptom during pregnancy.

D. "Your urine is more concentrated now, so you have to go more often": Pregnancy does not cause urine to be more concentrated, but rather it increases the volume of urine due to the increased blood volume and kidney function. The frequency is due to pressure on the bladder, not changes in urine concentration.

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Which assessment findings suggest that an infant with diarrhea is severely dehydrated?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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