Which assessment findings suggest that an infant with diarrhea is severely dehydrated?

Salty saliva and tears with crying

Low specific gravity of urine, moist skin

Depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor

Moist and flushed skin, fontanels (fontanelles) depressed

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Salty saliva and tears with crying: Salty saliva and tears can be seen in dehydration, but they are not specific signs of severe dehydration. More severe dehydration is indicated by other physical findings like depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor.

B. Low specific gravity of urine, moist skin: A low specific gravity of urine indicates dilute urine, which is common in a well-hydrated individual together with moist skin. In severe dehydration, urine output is usually low, and skin may appear dry.

C. Depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor: Depressed fontanels and poor skin turgor are classic signs of severe dehydration in infants. These findings reflect significant fluid loss and reduced circulation, which are critical signs of dehydration.

D. Moist and flushed skin, fontanels (fontanelles) depressed: While depressed fontanels are a sign of dehydration, moist and flushed skin is not consistent with severe dehydration. Skin in dehydration is often dry and less elastic.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F"]

Explanation

A. Breast tenderness: Breast tenderness is a common early sign of pregnancy due to hormonal changes, particularly increased estrogen and progesterone. It is a presumptive sign because it is not unique to pregnancy and can occur with other conditions as well.

B. Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea, or the absence of menstruation, is one of the most common early signs of pregnancy. It is considered presumptive because it can also be caused by other factors such as stress, illness, or hormonal imbalances.

C. Frequent urination: Frequent urination occurs due to hormonal changes and increased blood volume, which leads to more fluid being processed by the kidneys. It is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy, though it can also occur with other conditions like urinary tract infections.

D. Positive pregnancy test: A positive pregnancy test detects the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is more definitive than a presumptive sign, but it can sometimes result in false positives due to certain medications or other conditions.

E. Chadwick sign: Chadwick's sign, characterized by the bluish tint of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow, is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is typically observed by a healthcare provider during a physical examination and suggests pregnancy but is not definitive.

F. Quickening: Quickening is the feeling of fetal movement, which typically occurs between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy for first-time mothers. It is a presumptive sign because other conditions, such as gas or muscle spasms, can cause similar sensations.

A. The infant will need future follow-up for a "nervous" bowel B. Symptoms will decrease if the infant is laid on the back after feedings C. Formula intake should be doubled to keep the infant from losing weight D. Colic symptoms will probably fade at 3 months of age

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The infant will need future follow-up for a "nervous" bowel: Colic is not typically associated with a "nervous" bowel. It is marked by excessive crying and discomfort, often with no underlying gastrointestinal issues. No long-term follow-up for a "nervous" bowel is required.

B. Symptoms will decrease if the infant is laid on the back after feedings: The infant should be placed on their back to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS, but this is not linked to reducing colic symptoms. Colic is associated factors such as digestive discomfort or overstimulation.

C. Formula intake should be doubled to keep the infant from losing weight: Doubling the formula intake is not recommended for managing colic. Overfeeding can worsen discomfort and lead to other issues like reflux. Colic does not typically result in significant weight loss if the infant is feeding appropriately.

D. Colic symptoms will probably fade at 3 months of age: Colic typically peaks around 6 to 8 weeks of age and begins to decrease by 3 to 4 months of age. Most infants outgrow the condition by this time, and the symptoms usually resolve on their own.

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Which assessment findings suggest that an infant with diarrhea is severely dehydrated?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who believes they are pregnant is informing the nurse of their pregnancy signs and symptoms. Which of the following findings would the nurse determine are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F"]

Explanation

What information would the nurse include when teaching the parents of an infant about colic?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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