The nurse is mapping the client’s abdomen into four quadrants. Which landmarks should the nurse use to perform this assessment? (Select all that apply)

"Pain is whatever the person experiencing it says it is," to include in the orientation. This definition reflects the concept of pain as a subjective experience that cannot be directly observed or measured, but only reported by the individual experiencing it. It emphasizes the importance of believing and acknowledging the patient's report of pain, and not relying solely on objective indicators or assumptions about the cause or intensity of pain. This definition also aligns with current standards of pain assessment and management, which prioritize patient-centered care and the use of self-report measures to guide treatment decisions.

The appropriate next step would be to auscultate for another 4 minutes. The absence of bowel sounds for one minute does not necessarily indicate a surgical emergency, as bowel sounds may be affected by various factors such as the client's diet, medications, and level of activity. Listening for another minute may not provide enough information to make an accurate assessment, so it is recommended to listen for a longer period. If after the additional 4 minutes, there are still no bowel sounds heard, the nurse should notify the physician to further evaluate the client. Listening posteriorly may also provide additional information, but it should be done after the nurse has completed listening to all four quadrants of the abdomen anteriorly.