The nurse is monitoring the client's cardiac rhythm. Based on this strip, which is the correct interpretation of this rhythm?

Atrial flutter.
Normal sinus rhythm.
Sinus arrhythmia.
Atrial fibrillation.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Atrial flutter: Atrial flutter shows a “sawtooth” pattern of flutter waves, typically regular, often with a consistent conduction ratio. This strip does not show flutter waves but irregular fibrillatory activity.
B. Normal sinus rhythm: NSR is regular with a P wave before every QRS and consistent intervals. The strip lacks organized P waves and shows irregular R-R intervals, ruling out normal sinus rhythm.
C. Sinus arrhythmia: Sinus arrhythmia involves a slight irregularity in rhythm, usually associated with breathing, but the P waves remain consistently visible. In this strip, the rhythm is highly irregular without clear P waves.
D. Atrial fibrillation: Characterized by absent P waves and an irregularly irregular ventricular response, as observed in this ECG strip.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Normal coagulation studies: While important for evaluating bleeding risk, coagulation values do not confirm or exclude myocardial infarction. They are more relevant when planning invasive procedures or anticoagulation, not in the acute diagnosis of MI.
B. ST segment elevation: ST segment elevation on a 12-lead ECG is a critical diagnostic indicator of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Recognizing this finding guides urgent reperfusion therapy such as PCI or thrombolytics, making it a key priority assessment.
C. Premature ventricular contractions (PVC): PVCs may occur during or after an MI due to myocardial irritability, but they are not diagnostic. Isolated PVCs do not provide definitive evidence of infarction and may be seen in various other cardiac conditions.
D. Relief of chest pain: Pain relief is an important treatment goal, but it is a response to intervention, not a diagnostic tool. Monitoring pain helps evaluate effectiveness of therapy, but confirming the MI requires objective findings like ECG changes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Unilateral calf pain: This is a classic sign of DVT, indicating localized clot formation in the leg. While significant, it is not as immediately life-threatening as signs of pulmonary embolism and does not require urgent reporting if PE is already suspected.
B. Intravenous site inflammation: IV site inflammation may suggest phlebitis or local irritation but is not related to the acute life-threatening nature of pulmonary embolism. It should be addressed but does not warrant immediate escalation over respiratory symptoms.
C. Pedal edema: Pedal edema is a common finding in DVT or chronic venous insufficiency and may be present without acute complications. Although it supports the history of venous thromboembolism, it is not urgent unless associated with other signs of decompensation.
D. Difficulty breathing: Sudden onset dyspnea is a hallmark symptom of pulmonary embolism and may signal impaired gas exchange or hemodynamic compromise. This finding must be reported immediately as it indicates potential life-threatening embolic obstruction in the pulmonary circulation.
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