The nurse is observing a patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to aid in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following actions, performed by the patient, indicate that further instruction is needed?

The patient shakes the MDI before using

The patient exhales before starting to use the MDI

The patient inspires rapidly when dispensing the medication from the MDI

The patient holds their breath for 10 seconds after inhaling from the MDI

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Shaking the MDI before use is correct technique as it ensures that the medication is properly mixed.

Choice B reason: Exhaling before using the MDI is proper technique as it prepares the lungs for inhalation of the medication.

Choice C reason: Inspiring rapidly when dispensing the medication is incorrect because it can cause the medication to deposit in the mouth or throat rather than reaching the lungs.

Choice D reason: Holding the breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication is correct technique as it allows the medication to settle in the lungs.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Avoiding foods that are high in sodium such as canned soups and processed meats is correct. High sodium intake can worsen fluid retention and hypertension, which are concerns in chronic kidney disease.

Choice B reason: Limiting intake of high-potassium foods like bananas and tomatoes is correct. High potassium levels can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Choice C reason: Eating a high-protein diet with lots of dark green, leafy vegetables is incorrect. While protein is important, excessive protein intake can increase the workload on the kidneys. Patients with chronic kidney disease often need to limit protein intake to prevent further kidney damage. Additionally, dark green, leafy vegetables are high in potassium, which should be limited.

Choice D reason: Monitoring fluid intake to prevent fluid overload is correct. Fluid overload can lead to hypertension, edema, and heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease.

A. Receive pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. B. Take oral hydroxyurea as ordered. C. Avoid becoming dehydrated. D. Follow a low-fat, low-sodium diet.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Receiving pneumococcal and influenza vaccines is crucial for patients with sickle cell disease. Infections can trigger sickle cell crises, and these vaccines help prevent common infections that could lead to complications. Ensuring immunization against these diseases reduces the risk of crisis and hospitalization.

Choice B reason: Taking oral hydroxyurea as ordered is an important strategy for preventing sickle cell crises. Hydroxyurea increases fetal hemoglobin levels, which reduces the occurrence of sickling in red blood cells. Adherence to this medication regimen helps reduce the frequency of painful episodes and other complications associated with sickle cell disease.

Choice C reason: Avoiding dehydration is essential for patients with sickle cell disease. Dehydration can lead to increased blood viscosity, promoting sickling of red blood cells and triggering a crisis. Staying well-hydrated helps maintain proper blood flow and reduces the risk of sickle cell-related complications.

Choice D reason: Following a low-fat, low-sodium diet is generally beneficial for overall health but is not specifically targeted at preventing sickle cell crises. While maintaining a healthy diet is important, the focus for sickle cell patients should be on hydration, infection prevention, and medication adherence.

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The nurse is observing a patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to aid in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following actions, performed by the patient, indicate that further instruction is needed?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is providing discharge teaching on nutritional therapy to a patient with stage 3 chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the patient suggests to the nurse that additional teaching is required?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a patient with sickle cell disease about strategies to prevent sickle cell crisis. The patient states, "I do not want to come to the hospital with another sickle cell crisis." What will the nurse include in this teaching? (Select All That Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient, newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who has an order for a budesonide inhaler. When planning medication teaching, the nurse will plan to include which potential side effects of this medication? (Select All That Apply)

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The nurse is assessing a patient who is diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and is requiring inpatient treatment at a hospital. What medication will the nurse provide when caring for this patient?

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The nurse is teaching the patient about the medication albuterol for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which medication adverse effect will the nurse teach the patient to monitor for and report?