The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (R

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis

Hyperglycaemia

Mucositis

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

Choice A reason: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone. It is not directly associated with corticosteroid treatment. Osteoarthritis develops due to wear and tear over time, and while corticosteroids are used to manage inflammation, they do not cause osteoarthritis.

Choice B reason: Osteoporosis is a potential complication of long-term corticosteroid use. Corticosteroids can interfere with bone formation and increase the rate of bone resorption, leading to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should be monitored for signs of osteoporosis, and preventive measures such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be recommended.

Choice C reason: Hyperglycaemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids can increase insulin resistance and promote glucose production in the liver, leading to higher blood sugar levels. Patients with diabetes or those at risk for diabetes should be closely monitored for changes in their blood glucose levels when on corticosteroid therapy.

Choice D reason: Mucositis, or inflammation of the mucous membranes, is not a typical complication of corticosteroid therapy. Mucositis is more commonly associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy used in cancer treatment. While corticosteroids can affect the immune system, they do not directly cause mucositis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Wheezing is a typical sound heard during bronchoconstriction, which occurs in conditions like asthma and COPD. It indicates that the airways are narrowed, causing the characteristic sound.

Choice B reason: Pulmonary edema typically presents with crackles or rales rather than wheezing. Wheezing would not be the primary indication of this condition.

Choice C reason: Hemoptysis refers to coughing up blood and does not typically present with wheezing. It might present with other sounds if there is an underlying lung issue, but wheezing is not specific to it.

Choice D reason: Pneumothorax generally presents with decreased or absent breath sounds on one side, not wheezing. It occurs when air enters the pleural space, causing lung collapse.

A. Potassium supplements can cause irregular heart rhythm and must be avoided. B. Instruct the patient to take diuretics at bedtime to promote diuresis during the night. C. Notify the physician if weight increases by three pounds in one week. D. Administer diuretics in the morning and notify physician of decreased urine output.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Potassium supplements can actually be important for patients on diuretic therapy, especially if they are taking loop diuretics like furosemide, which can cause potassium loss. However, it is important to monitor potassium levels and follow the physician's guidance on supplement use.

Choice B reason: Instructing the patient to take diuretics at bedtime is not recommended. Diuretics should be taken in the morning to avoid frequent urination during the night, which can disrupt sleep.

Choice C reason: Notifying the physician if weight increases by three pounds in one week is a key instruction for patients with heart failure. Rapid weight gain can indicate fluid retention and worsening heart failure, requiring prompt medical evaluation and adjustment of treatment.

Choice D reason: Administering diuretics in the morning and notifying the physician of decreased urine output is important, but the focus on notifying the physician about significant weight gain provides a more specific and actionable guideline for managing heart failure.

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The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (R

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The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is reporting dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What does this finding indicate to the nurse about this patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nursing students are preparing a care plan for a patient with heart failure. The patient will be prescribed diuretic therapy after discharge. What evidence-based instructions will the nurse include in this plan?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is creating a home care checklist for a patient diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who is being discharged. The patient has an ileostomy from a previous surgery. What intervention will the nurse include in this plan?

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who has been prescribed methotrexate. Which patient statement indicates to the nurse a need for further teaching?

The nurse is caring for a trauma patient who has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.52, PaCO2 55, HCO3 30 me/L. How will the nurse interpret these results?

The nurse is caring for a patient who is dyspneic with accessory muscle use, respiratory rate 24 breaths/minute, pulse oximetry 88% on room air, and speaking in phrases. When choosing an oxygen delivery system, which guideline is the most appropriate?

The nurse is admitting a patient with pulmonary edema resulting from heart failure. Upon assessment, the nurse notes that the patient is hyperventilating. What lab results will the nurse expect to see?