The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (R

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis

Hyperglycaemia

Mucositis

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

Choice A reason: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone. It is not directly associated with corticosteroid treatment. Osteoarthritis develops due to wear and tear over time, and while corticosteroids are used to manage inflammation, they do not cause osteoarthritis.

Choice B reason: Osteoporosis is a potential complication of long-term corticosteroid use. Corticosteroids can interfere with bone formation and increase the rate of bone resorption, leading to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should be monitored for signs of osteoporosis, and preventive measures such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be recommended.

Choice C reason: Hyperglycaemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids can increase insulin resistance and promote glucose production in the liver, leading to higher blood sugar levels. Patients with diabetes or those at risk for diabetes should be closely monitored for changes in their blood glucose levels when on corticosteroid therapy.

Choice D reason: Mucositis, or inflammation of the mucous membranes, is not a typical complication of corticosteroid therapy. Mucositis is more commonly associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy used in cancer treatment. While corticosteroids can affect the immune system, they do not directly cause mucositis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increasing vitamin D levels with regular sun exposure may be beneficial for overall health but is not specifically targeted at preventing flares and complications of SLE. SLE patients are often advised to avoid excessive sun exposure as it can trigger flares and exacerbate symptoms.

Choice B reason: Utilizing an evidence-based smoking cessation program is important for SLE patients, as smoking can worsen the symptoms and complications associated with the disease. Smoking has been linked to increased disease activity, higher risk of cardiovascular complications, and reduced effectiveness of certain medications in SLE patients. Quitting smoking can improve overall health outcomes and reduce the risk of flares and complications.

Choice C reason: Eliminating all gluten, dairy, and seed oils from the diet is not universally recommended for SLE patients. While some patients may have specific dietary triggers or intolerances, there is no broad evidence suggesting that such eliminations are necessary for all SLE patients. A balanced, nutritious diet tailored to the individual's needs is more appropriate.

Choice D reason: Avoiding the influenza, COVID, and shingles vaccines is not recommended for SLE patients. In fact, vaccinations can help prevent infections that could trigger SLE flares or complications. It is important for SLE patients to discuss their vaccination schedule with their healthcare provider to ensure they are appropriately protected.

A. Bronchoconstriction B. Pulmonary edema C. Hemoptysis D. Pneumothorax

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Bronchoconstriction is the hallmark of COPD. The narrowing of the airways produces wheezing that is heard throughout the lung fields, making this finding consistent with the patient’s condition.

Choice B reason:

Pulmonary edema usually causes crackles (rales), not widespread wheezing. It’s more related to fluid overload in the lungs rather than airway narrowing.

Choice C reason:

Hemoptysis involves coughing up blood. This symptom does not correlate with wheezing and would be noted as blood in the sputum, not an audible finding on auscultation.

Choice D reason:

Pneumothorax typically presents with diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side, not diffuse wheezing. It is more associated with sudden chest pain and respiratory distress.

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The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (R

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The nurse is caring for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What health education will the nurse teach the patient to prevent flares and complications of this condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is reporting dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What does this finding indicate to the nurse about this patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse assesses a patient 20 minutes after initiating a blood transfusion. The patient has itching and chills. The nurse immediately turns off the transfusion and disconnects the tubing at the catheter hub. What intervention will the nurse prioritize to implement first for this patient?

The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. The patient is receiving intravenous fluids of normal saline with 20 mEq of potassium chloride and a continuous insulin infusion. Which finding will indicate to the nurse that the treatment is effective?

The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is reporting dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What does this finding indicate to the nurse about this patient?

The nurse is assessing a patient who is diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and is requiring inpatient treatment at a hospital. What medication will the nurse provide when caring for this patient?

The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic alkalosis. What will the nurse recognize as the common cause of this acid-base imbalance?

The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. The patient is receiving intravenous fluids of normal saline with 20 mEq of potassium chloride and a continuous insulin infusion. Which finding will indicate to the nurse that the treatment is effective?

The nurse is caring for a patient with thrombocytopenia who has a platelet count of 45,000/mm³. What nursing intervention will the nurse implement to manage this condition?