The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (R

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis

Hyperglycaemia

Mucositis

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

Choice A reason: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone. It is not directly associated with corticosteroid treatment. Osteoarthritis develops due to wear and tear over time, and while corticosteroids are used to manage inflammation, they do not cause osteoarthritis.

Choice B reason: Osteoporosis is a potential complication of long-term corticosteroid use. Corticosteroids can interfere with bone formation and increase the rate of bone resorption, leading to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should be monitored for signs of osteoporosis, and preventive measures such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be recommended.

Choice C reason: Hyperglycaemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids can increase insulin resistance and promote glucose production in the liver, leading to higher blood sugar levels. Patients with diabetes or those at risk for diabetes should be closely monitored for changes in their blood glucose levels when on corticosteroid therapy.

Choice D reason: Mucositis, or inflammation of the mucous membranes, is not a typical complication of corticosteroid therapy. Mucositis is more commonly associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy used in cancer treatment. While corticosteroids can affect the immune system, they do not directly cause mucositis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Kussmaul breathing is a sign of metabolic acidosis, not metabolic alkalosis. It is characterized by deep, labored breathing as the body tries to expel excess carbon dioxide.

Choice B reason: Positive Chvostek sign is an indication of hypocalcemia, which can be associated with metabolic alkalosis. It is a facial muscle twitch that occurs when the facial nerve is tapped.

Choice C reason: Hematemesis, or vomiting blood, is not a clinical manifestation of metabolic alkalosis. It is more related to gastrointestinal bleeding.

Choice D reason: Distended jugular veins are more commonly associated with conditions such as heart failure and fluid overload, not specifically with metabolic alkalosis.

A. Administer intravenous normal saline 300 mL/hour B. Administer regular insulin 20 units subcutaneously C. Start bicarbonate infusion intravenously D. Administer potassium chloride 40 mEq orally

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Administering intravenous normal saline at 300 mL/hour is the appropriate initial intervention for a patient presenting with a hyperglycemic emergency. Fluid replacement is crucial to correct dehydration and improve circulatory volume, which will help improve renal perfusion and facilitate the excretion of excess glucose and ketones.

Choice B reason: Administering regular insulin 20 units subcutaneously is not the immediate priority. Intravenous insulin is preferred in a hyperglycemic emergency to ensure rapid and effective lowering of blood glucose levels.

Choice C reason: Starting a bicarbonate infusion intravenously is not indicated unless there is severe acidosis (pH < 7.0) or the patient is in shock. The pH of 7.20, while low, can typically be corrected with fluid and insulin therapy.

Choice D reason: Administering potassium chloride 40 mEq orally is not necessary at this point. The potassium level of 3.6 mEq/L is within the normal range, and potassium should be monitored and replaced as needed during ongoing treatment, especially when insulin therapy is initiated.

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The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (R

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient who presents with metabolic alkalosis. Upon assessing the patient, which clinical manifestation will the nurse expect to find?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who presents with a hyperglycemic emergency. The patient's lab values are in the chart below. Which healthcare provider's (HCP) order will the nurse implement?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a patient who is scheduled for hemodialysis about the process and potential complications. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates to the nurse the need for further teaching? (Select All That Apply)

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