The nurse is teaching the client and family about Huntington's Disease (HD). What information should the nurse include?

Expect fluctuations of symptoms with temperature change

New surgical techniques offer the best hope for a cure

Information about genetic testing

The disease process is intense but short in duration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Expect fluctuations of symptoms with temperature change: While symptom fluctuations may occur due to various factors, temperature changes are not a hallmark feature of Huntington's Disease (HD). HD is characterized by progressive motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms, including involuntary movements (chorea), cognitive decline, and mood disturbances. Although other neurological conditions may show symptom fluctuations with temperature changes, this is not specific to HD.

B. New surgical techniques offer the best hope for a cure: There are currently no cures for Huntington's Disease, and while medical management can help manage symptoms (such as using medications for chorea or psychiatric symptoms), surgical techniques do not offer a cure for HD. The disease is progressive, and interventions typically focus on symptom management rather than cure. Families should be informed that while research is ongoing, a cure is not currently available.

C. Information about genetic testing: Huntington's Disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HTT gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a person with a parent who has HD has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease. Genetic testing is a critical part of the diagnosis process, and it can confirm the presence of the mutated gene before symptoms appear, which is important for family planning and early intervention. However, while genetic testing can provide information about whether an individual will develop the disease, it does not alter the course of the disease or provide a cure. It is essential to provide this information to clients and families, so they understand the role of genetic counseling and testing in managing the disease.

D. The disease process is intense but short in duration: Huntington's Disease is progressive and long-lasting. The disease usually begins in mid-adulthood (typically between ages 30-50), and the symptoms worsen over time. Individuals with HD may live for 15-20 years after symptom onset. The disease duration is long-term, not short, and it becomes increasingly debilitating as it progresses. The intensity of symptoms increases over time, and the disease is not characterized by a short duration.

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Correct Answer is ["3.9"]

Explanation

Step-by-Step Solution:

Convert the toddler's weight from pounds to kilograms.

1 pound is =0.453592 kilograms.

So, 26 pounds = 26 x 0.453592 = 11.793592 kilograms.

Calculate the total daily dose of prednisolone.

The prescribed dose is 2 mg/kg/day.

The toddler weighs 11.793592 kg.

The total daily dose = 2 mg/kg/day x 11.793592 kg = 23.587184 mg/day.

Determine the dose per administration.

The total daily dose is divided into two equal doses (every 12 hours).

The dose per administration = 23.587184 mg/day / 2 = 11.793592 mg per dose.

Calculate the volume of prednisolone syrup to administer.

The available prednisolone syrup is 15 mg/5 ml.

We need to administer 11.793592 mg per dose.

To find the volume, we can set up a proportion:

15 mg / 5 ml = 11.793592 mg / x ml

Cross-multiplying:

15x = 5 x 11.793592

Solving for x:

x = (5 x 11.793592) / 15 = 3.931197 ml

Round the answer to the nearest tenth.

3.9 ml.

A. Assess for conjunctival bleeding B. Encourage the use of sunglasses when outside C. Alternate the use of an eye patch on each eye D. Apply cool compresses for pain relief E. This result is consistent with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis. In respiratory alkalosis, the pH would be elevated (alkalotic), PaCO2 would be low (indicating hyperventilation), and the kidneys would attempt to compensate by lowering bicarbonate (HCO3). In this case, the low PaCO2 (23 mmHg) and the low HCO3 (14 mEq/L) demonstrate partial compensation. The pH is also elevated at 7.64, which aligns with alkalosis. This is the correct answer for partially compensated respiratory alkalosis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Assess for conjunctival bleeding
Conjunctival bleeding refers to blood in the white part of the eye (the conjunctiva), which is typically associated with trauma, infections, or certain blood disorders, but it is not a common cause of diplopia (double vision). Diplopia in multiple sclerosis (MS) is more often due to nerve damage affecting the eye muscles or the pathways controlling eye movement. Therefore, assessing for conjunctival bleeding is not a priority intervention for a client with diplopia related to MS.

B) Encourage the use of sunglasses when outside
While wearing sunglasses may help alleviate light sensitivity, which is a common symptom in individuals with MS, it is not the most appropriate intervention for treating diplopia itself. Diplopia is typically caused by issues with eye muscle control or coordination, often related to the central nervous system. Therefore, while sunglasses might provide comfort, they do not address the underlying cause of the double vision.

C) Alternate the use of an eye patch on each eye
Alternating the use of an eye patch on each eye is an effective intervention for managing diplopia, especially when the cause is related to misalignment or weakness of the eye muscles. The eye patch works by covering one eye at a time to prevent double vision. In MS, this technique can help reduce the visual disturbance and provide relief until further interventions (such as eye exercises or medications) can be considered. This approach is commonly used to manage diplopia caused by nerve involvement affecting ocular muscle function.

D) Apply cool compresses for pain relief
Cool compresses may provide relief for eye irritation or inflammation, but they are not typically used to treat diplopia. Diplopia in MS is more related to neuromuscular dysfunction or nerve damage, rather than acute inflammation or irritation of the eye. Therefore, while a cool compress may offer temporary relief for other symptoms, it is not a targeted solution for double vision in this context.

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The nurse is teaching the client and family about Huntington's Disease (HD). What information should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["3.9"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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