The nurse prioritizes which infant to administer pain medication to first? All have PRN (as needed) orders for pain medication.

Choice A reason: This statement is true. This client may have a high tolerance to opioids and require a higher dose for pain control, as tolerance is a condition where the body becomes less responsive to the effects of a drug over time, and needs more of the drug to achieve the same effect. Tolerance can develop from chronic or repeated use of opioids, and can vary from person to person. The nurse should assess the client's pain level, history of opioid use, and response to the medication, and adjust the dose accordingly.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. Clients with a history of opioid abuse should not be denied an opioid analgesic, as opioids are effective and appropriate medications for acute pain management, especially after surgery. The nurse should not discriminate or stigmatize the client based on their history of opioid abuse, but rather provide compassionate and evidence-based care. The nurse should also use a multimodal approach to pain management, which involves using non-opioid analgesics, adjuvant medications, and non-pharmacological interventions, such as ice, heat, massage, or relaxation techniques.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. This client should not wait until their pain is severe, 10/10 before taking a high dose opioid, as this can result in poor pain control, increased stress, and delayed recovery. The nurse should encourage the client to take the medication as prescribed, and to report their pain level regularly. The nurse should also educate the client about the benefits of preventive analgesia, which involves taking the medication before the pain becomes severe, and maintaining a steady blood level of the drug.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. The client's self-report of pain may not be disregarded if they have a history of opioid abuse, as pain is a subjective and personal experience, and the client is the best judge of their own pain. The nurse should not assume that the client is exaggerating, lying, or drug-seeking, but rather respect and validate the client's pain report. The nurse should also use objective indicators of pain, such as vital signs, facial expressions, body movements, and behavioral changes, to support the client's pain assessment.

Choice A reason: This statement is false. A serum potassium level of 5.6 mEq/L is not a common side effect of furosemide. This value indicates hyperkalemia, or high blood potassium level, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss, not retention.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. A serum sodium level of 142 mEq/L is not a common side effect of furosemide. This value is within the normal range of 135-145 mEq/L and does not indicate any problem with sodium balance. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes sodium loss, but it is usually compensated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. A serum sodium level of 138 mEq/L is not a common side effect of furosemide. This value is within the normal range of 135-145 mEq/L and does not indicate any problem with sodium balance. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes sodium loss, but it is usually compensated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Choice D reason: This statement is true. A serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L is a common side effect of furosemide. This value indicates hypokalemia, or low blood potassium level, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and metabolic alkalosis. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and potassium in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to potassium loss in the urine.