The nurse provides care for a client with a long history of ulcerative colitis. The client is most at risk to develop which disorder?

Colon cancer

Crohn disease

Lactase deficiency

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Colon cancer is the most likely disorder that the client is at risk to develop because it is a type of cancer that affects the large intestine, which is the part of the digestive tract that absorbs water and forms stool. Colon cancer can be caused by various factors, such as genetics, diet, or inflammation. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers and inflammation in the inner lining of the colon and rectum, which are the last parts of the large intestine. Ulcerative colitis can increase the risk of colon cancer by causing DNA damage and abnormal cell growth in the colon.

Choice B reason: Crohn disease is not the most likely disorder that the client is at risk to develop because it is a different type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and damage in any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. Crohn disease can be caused by various factors, such as genetics, immune system, or bacteria. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease have some similar symptoms, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, or weight loss, but they are not the same condition and do not increase the risk of each other.

Choice C reason: Lactase deficiency is not the most likely disorder that the client is at risk to develop because it is a condition where the body does not produce enough lactase, which is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, which is a sugar that is found in milk and dairy products. Lactase deficiency can cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea after consuming lactose. Lactase deficiency can be caused by various factors, such as genetics, age, or intestinal injury. Ulcerative colitis does not affect the production of lactase, but it can cause lactose intolerance, which is a condition where the body cannot digest lactose properly due to the inflammation and damage of the colon.

Choice D reason: Irritable bowel syndrome is not the most likely disorder that the client is at risk to develop because it is a functional disorder that affects the movement and sensitivity of the bowel, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, or constipation. Irritable bowel syndrome can be triggered by various factors, such as stress, food, or hormones. Irritable bowel syndrome does not cause inflammation or damage to the bowel, unlike ulcerative colitis, and it does not increase the risk of colon cancer.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Initiates the fibrinolytic process in the arteries is not a role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis, but a protective mechanism against it. Fibrinolysis is the breakdown of blood clots by enzymes such as plasmin. It prevents the formation of thrombi that can occlude the arteries and cause ischemia.

Choice B reason: Decreases highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels is not a role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis, but an indicator of it. hsCRP is a marker of systemic inflammation that is produced by the liver in response to cytokines. It is elevated in patients with atherosclerosis and correlates with the risk of cardiovascular events.

Choice C reason: Damages the endothelium of the arteries is the main role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial injury exposes the subendothelial layer to the blood, which triggers the adhesion of monocytes and platelets. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and engulf oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL), forming foam cells. Foam cells accumulate in the intima and form fatty streaks, which are the earliest lesions of atherosclerosis.

Choice D reason: Causes diffuse arterial vasoconstriction is not a role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis, but a consequence of it. Atherosclerosis narrows the lumen of the arteries and reduces the blood flow to the tissues. This causes ischemia, which stimulates the release of vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II and endothelin. Vasoconstriction further worsens the ischemia and increases the blood pressure.

A. Enlargement of the spleen. B. Confusion and agitation. C. Frequent respiratory infections. D. Painful lesions of the lips and oral mucosa.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Enlargement of the spleen is not a common sign of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but it may occur in some cases. It is more likely to be associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or Hodgkin lymphoma.

Choice B reason: Confusion and agitation are not typical symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but they may indicate central nervous system involvement or metabolic disturbances. They are more common in patients with brain tumors or infections.

Choice C reason: Frequent respiratory infections are a possible manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as the disease affects the immune system and makes the client more susceptible to infections. The respiratory tract is one of the most common sites of infection in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Choice D reason: Painful lesions of the lips and oral mucosa are not characteristic of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but they may be caused by other conditions such as herpes simplex virus, aphthous ulcers, or oral cancer. They are more common in patients with immunodeficiency or poor oral hygiene.

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The nurse provides care for a client with a long history of ulcerative colitis. The client is most at risk to develop which disorder?

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