The oral contraceptive pill, informally called "the pill," contains an estrogen and progesterone, or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones, taken in the pill and circulating in the blood, works because
the hormones create an acid condition in the vagina that acts as a spermicide
the hormones prevent the proliferative or secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and the embryo will have no place to implant
the hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation
the hormones cause a thickening of the mucus plug at the cervix that prevents sperm from penetrating the womb and reaching the ovulated egg
The Correct Answer is C
A. the prostate: The prostate gland contributes approximately 25 to 30 percent of the total seminal volume. Its secretion is a milky, slightly acidic fluid containing citrate, enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen. While vital for sperm activation and liquefaction, it does not provide the majority of the fluid volume.
B. the pituitary: The pituitary gland is an endocrine organ located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It secretes gonadotropins like follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone to regulate the reproductive system. It does not produce any components of the liquid semen ejaculated from the male reproductive tract.
C. the epididymis: The epididymis serves as the primary site for sperm maturation and storage where they acquire motility. While it adds a very small amount of fluid to support the sperm, its contribution to the final volume of ejaculate is negligible. It is a ductal structure rather than a major secretory gland.
D. the seminal vesicles: These paired glands produce about 70 percent of the total semen volume. The secretion is a viscous, alkaline fluid rich in fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins. This fluid provides the primary energy source for sperm and helps neutralize the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract.
E. the bulbourethral glands: Also known as Cowper's glands, these small structures secrete a clear, alkaline mucus during sexual arousal. This pre-ejaculate lubricates the glans penis and neutralizes residual acidic urine in the urethra. Their contribution to the final volume of semen is usually less than 5 percent.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Net filtration pressure will decrease: The efferent arteriole provides resistance to blood exiting the glomerulus, which maintains high hydrostatic pressure within the glomerular capillaries. If this vessel dilates, blood exits the glomerulus more easily, causing a drop in glomerular hydrostatic pressure. This reduces the overall net force available to drive filtration.
B. Systemic blood pressure will decrease: The vasodilation of a single efferent arteriole, or even all of them within the kidneys, is unlikely to significantly impact systemic arterial blood pressure. Systemic pressure is regulated by total peripheral resistance across all vascular beds. This choice describes a systemic effect resulting from a localized renal vascular change.
C. Urine output will decrease: A decrease in the glomerular filtration rate directly leads to a smaller volume of filtrate entering the renal tubule system. With less fluid being processed, the final volume of urine produced will naturally decline. This is a direct consequence of the reduced filtration pressure caused by efferent vasodilation.
D. Glomerular filtration rate will decrease: The glomerular filtration rate is highly dependent on the hydrostatic pressure gradient across the filtration membrane. By dilating the efferent arteriole, the "back-pressure" on the glomerulus is relieved, leading to a lower filtration rate. This illustrates how the resistance of the efferent vessel regulates renal function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte: The primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division within the follicle and is released as a secondary oocyte during ovulation. The secondary oocyte then travels through the uterine tubes, not the vagina. The vagina is located distal to the site of fertilization and zygote development.
B. receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse: The vaginal canal serves as the copulatory organ of the female reproductive system, designed to receive the male penis. Its distensible walls and mucosal lining facilitate the deposition of sperm near the external os of the cervix. This is a critical step for natural reproduction.
C. serves as a passageway for menstrual flow: The vagina provides the exit route for the functional layer of the endometrium and blood shed during the menses. This occurs when fertilization does not take place and progesterone levels decline. It connects the uterine cavity to the external environment for this physiological discharge.
D. serves as the birth canal: During parturition, the vagina expands significantly to allow the passage of the fetus from the uterus to the outside world. Its muscular layer and rugae provide the necessary elasticity for delivery. It represents the final portion of the passage during the second stage of labor.
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