The macula densa cells respond to
aldosterone
changes in Na+ content of the filtrate
antidiuretic hormone
changes in pressure in the tubule
The Correct Answer is B
A. Aldosterone: Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts to influence sodium reabsorption, but macula densa cells do not respond directly to it.
B. Changes in Na⁺ content of the filtrate: Macula densa cells, located in the distal tubule, monitor sodium concentration in the filtrate. Low Na⁺ levels signal the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin, activating the RAAS.
C. Antidiuretic hormone: ADH affects water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, not sensed by macula densa.
D. Changes in pressure in the tubule: Baroreceptor-like pressure sensing is not the role of macula densa-they respond to chemical (Na⁺) concentration.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The kidneys are retroperitoneal: Kidneys lie behind the peritoneum, making them retroperitoneal organs.
B. The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder: The ureters transport urine from each kidney to the bladder.
C. The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females: The male urethra is significantly longer, due to its passage through the penis.
D. The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity: This is incorrect-the right kidney is lower than the left due to the position of the liver. Also, kidneys are located in the upper abdomen, not the pelvic cavity.
E. The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney: True-the right kidney lies lower than the left because of the liver's size.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
True: When the ECF becomes hypertonic due to water loss (e.g., dehydration), water moves out of the cells into the ECF by osmosis, causing cellular shrinkage.
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