The physician orders Benadryl elixir 37.5 mg po for hives. Available: 12.5mg/5 mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?

A. Perception occurs when the brain interprets pain signals and recognizes them as pain. This step happens after the nerve impulses have been transmitted to the brain.
B. Transduction is the first step in the pain process, where painful stimuli (such as cutting a finger) activate nociceptors, converting the stimulus into an electrical signal.
C. Modulation involves the body’s response to pain signals, where descending nerve pathways release substances like endorphins to inhibit pain transmission. This occurs later in the pain process.
D. Transmission is the process of pain signals traveling from the site of injury to the spinal cord and brain via afferent nerve fibers. This step occurs after transduction and allows pain signals to reach the central nervous system.

A. "Don't worry. The cancer prevents you from becoming addicted." This statement is incorrect because having cancer does not prevent addiction. However, appropriate pain management in patients with severe pain does not typically lead to addiction.
B. "That is a valid worry. I wouldn't want to become addicted." While acknowledging the patient’s concern is important, this response reinforces fear rather than providing reassurance based on medical evidence.
C. "My cousin was addicted to pain killers when he had cancer." This response is inappropriate because it is anecdotal and does not address the patient’s concern with factual medical information.
D. "Because you have severe pain, the medication is necessary. There is little chance of addiction as long as you take the medication as prescribed." This is the best response because it reassures the patient that pain control is a priority and that, when used correctly, the risk of addiction is minimal.