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The PMHNP is discussing a 33-year-old male client's alcohol use disorder and his reasons for possibly wanting to change. Which of the following statements by the PMHNP would be considered summarizing?

A.

Would you tell me more about how alcohol feels like fuel added to the fire?

B.

It sounds as if you have thought a lot about how alcohol might be contributing to your increasing anxiety issues. I can tell this is very important to you.

C.

Here is what I've heard so far. Relaxing and calming down is your main reason for drinking, but you are finding that the more you drink, the more anxious you are in the end. Rather than the alcohol putting out the fire, you are beginning to think it’s like adding fuel to it.

D.

So the alcohol used to help ease your anxiety, but now it actually causes anxiety.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This is an open-ended question that invites further discussion. It is exploratory, not summarizing.

Choice B reason: This is a reflective statement that validates the client’s insight and emotional experience. It is supportive but not a summary of the client’s narrative.

Choice C reason: This is a clear summarizing statement. It encapsulates the client’s motivations, experiences, and evolving understanding of alcohol’s impact. It reflects back the client’s narrative in a structured and comprehensive way.

Choice D reason: This is a brief reflection that captures part of the client’s experience. However, it lacks the depth and structure of a full summary.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: While encouraging autonomy is important, this response overlooks the potential danger of combining serotonergic agents. It may inadvertently reinforce unsafe behavior.

Choice B reason: Although tryptophan has been studied for its role in mood regulation, combining it with SSRIs like escitalopram increases the risk of serotonin syndrome—a potentially life-threatening condition. This response fails to address the safety concern.

Choice C reason: This response acknowledges the client’s progress while appropriately warning about the risk of serotonin syndrome. It maintains therapeutic rapport and provides necessary education about drug interactions.

Choice D reason: This response is overly critical and may damage the therapeutic relationship. It does not validate the client’s intent or provide constructive guidance.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and induces drowsiness. While it affects consciousness and is technically psychoactive, it is not classified as an herbal supplement but rather a hormone. Its psychoactivity is mild and primarily limited to sleep regulation.

Choice B reason: Tryptophan is an amino acid precursor to serotonin, which influences mood and sleep. It has psychoactive properties due to its role in serotonin synthesis, but it is not typically categorized as a standalone psychoactive herbal supplement.

Choice C reason: SAM-e (S-Adenosyl-L-methionine) is a compound involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and is used for mood disorders. It alters mental states and is considered psychoactive, but it is a synthesized supplement rather than a traditional herbal product.

Choice D reason: Valerian is a well-known herbal supplement with sedative properties. It acts on GABA receptors in the brain, promoting relaxation and drowsiness. Among the choices, it is the most classically recognized psychoactive herbal product due to its direct central nervous system effects.

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