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In Piaget's formal operational developmental stage, what is the main characteristic?

A.

Self-absorption

B.

Circular reaction

C.

Hypothetico-deductive thinking

D.

Syllogistic reasoning

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Self-absorption is more characteristic of adolescent egocentrism, such as the imaginary audience or personal fable, but it is not the defining cognitive feature of the formal operational stage.

Choice B reason: Circular reactions are part of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, where infants repeat actions to explore their environment. This is not relevant to formal operational thinking.

Choice C reason: Hypothetico-deductive thinking is the hallmark of the formal operational stage. It involves the ability to think abstractly, formulate hypotheses, and systematically test them. This stage typically begins around age 11 and enables scientific reasoning and complex problem-solving.

Choice D reason: Syllogistic reasoning is a component of logical thinking but is not the defining feature of the formal operational stage. It may emerge earlier and does not encompass the full scope of abstract reasoning seen in this stage.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Interpersonal therapy focuses on improving communication and resolving interpersonal conflicts. It is structured and goal-oriented, not primarily reflective of aging.

Choice B reason: Existential therapy explores meaning, freedom, and responsibility but is not specifically focused on aging or life review.

Choice C reason: Reminiscence therapy involves reflecting on past experiences, often used with older adults to enhance mood, cognitive function, and self-esteem. It is nonstructured and centers on life review, making it the correct answer.

Choice D reason: Strategic therapy is directive and problem-focused, often used in family or systems therapy. It does not involve life reflection or aging themes.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant with NMDA antagonist properties. While it can cause dissociation or mood changes at high doses, it is not commonly associated with inducing depression.

Choice B reason: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that may cause sedation or cognitive dulling but is not typically linked to depressive symptoms.

Choice C reason: Isotretinoin, used for severe acne, has been associated with psychiatric side effects including depression and suicidal ideation, particularly in adolescents. Its neuropsychiatric risk profile is well-documented and warrants close monitoring.

Choice D reason: Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that may cause agitation or insomnia but is not known to induce depression.

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