The practical nurse (PN) selects the ventrolateral site to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to an adult. Identify the Injection site.

This is the correct answer because it allows the practical nurse (PN) to assess the parents' knowledge and understanding of hypospadias, and to provide accurate and relevant information based on their needs.
Hypospadias is a birth defect in boys in which the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of the penis, but on the underside of the penis or in the scrotum²³. It is a common condition that affects about one in every 250 males at birth. Hypospadias does not resolve on its own and usually require surgical correction to prevent complications such as urinary tract infections, difficulty with urination and sexual function, and psychological distress¹². The PN should explain these facts to the parents and encourage them to discuss their concerns and questions with the health care provider. The PN should also provide emotional support and empathy to the parents, as they may feel anxious or guilty about their child's condition.

This is the correct answer because it is the most important and relevant action that the PN should do for a postoperative patient with a PCA machine. A PCA machine is a computerized device that allows the patient to self-administer a preset dose of pain medication, usually an opioid, by pressing a buton. The PCA machine is attached to an intravenous (IV) line that delivers the medication directly into the bloodstream. The PCA machine can provide effective and individualized pain relief for postoperative patients, as well as increase their sense of control and satisfaction¹².

The PN should assess the pain management response of the postoperative patient with a PCA machine by monitoring their pain level, vital signs, oxygen saturation, sedation level, and side effects. The PN should use a valid and reliable pain scale, such as the numeric rating scale (NRS) or the visual analog scale (VAS), to measure the patient's pain intensity and relief. The PN should also check the settings and functioning of the PCA machine, such as the dose, lockout interval, and limit. The PN should document and report the patient's pain management response and any problems or complications with the PCA machine to the health care provider.