A nurse admits an older adult to the ED and notes that the client is cyanotic and has a respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min. Which acid-base imbalance should the nurse associate with this finding?
respiratory acidosis
metabolic acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation (respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min), leading to CO₂ retention and decreased blood pH. Cyanosis also indicates poor oxygenation, supporting this diagnosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis typically results from renal failure, diarrhea, or diabetic ketoacidosis, not directly from low respiratory rate.
C. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, not hypoventilation.
D. Metabolic alkalosis is usually caused by vomiting or diuretic use and is not associated with decreased respiratory rate or cyanosis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Urine specific gravity of 1.035 indicates concentrated urine and dehydration but is less immediately dangerous than severe hypokalemia.
B. Weight loss of 3% is significant but less immediately life-threatening.
C. Potassium of 2.5 mEq/L is severely low (normal 3.5–5.0 mEq/L) and can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias and muscle weakness, making it the priority.
D. Blood glucose of 150 mg/dL is mildly elevated and less urgent
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium toxicity; it helps reverse the cardiac and neuromuscular effects of hypermagnesemia.
B. IV fluid restriction is not appropriate; often IV fluids are given to promote magnesium excretion.
C. Potassium chloride is not indicated for hypermagnesemia treatment.
D. Increasing magnesium sulfate would worsen hypermagnesemia and is contraindicated.
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