The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called
ribosomal RNA.
primer RNA.
transfer RNA.
ribozymes.
messenger RNA
The Correct Answer is C
A. ribosomal RNA: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural and functional component of ribosomes, where it helps catalyze peptide bond formation and provides a scaffold for protein synthesis. rRNA does not carry amino acids to the ribosome, so it does not perform the transport function needed during translation.
B. primer RNA: Primer RNA, or RNA primers, are short sequences synthesized during DNA replication to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase. They are not involved in protein synthesis or carrying amino acids to ribosomes.
C. transfer RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Each tRNA has an anticodon complementary to a codon on the messenger RNA, ensuring that amino acids are added in the correct sequence to form a polypeptide chain.
D. ribozymes: Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity that can perform specific biochemical reactions, such as RNA cleavage or splicing. They do not carry amino acids to the ribosome.
E. messenger RNA: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA to the ribosome, serving as a template for protein synthesis. While essential for translation, mRNA does not physically transport amino acids.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Yeast: Yeast are single-celled fungi with relatively low resistance to physical and chemical agents. They are susceptible to heat, disinfectants, and antiseptics because they lack specialized protective structures like endospores, making them easier to control compared to more resistant microbial forms.
B. Bacterial endospores: Bacterial endospores are highly resistant, dormant structures formed by certain bacteria such as Bacillus and Clostridium species. They have a tough protective coat, low water content, and metabolic inactivity, which make them impervious to heat, radiation, desiccation, and many chemical disinfectants. Endospores can survive extreme environmental conditions for extended periods, making them the most resistant microbial form.
C. Fungal spores: Fungal spores provide some resistance to environmental stress and disinfectants, but they are significantly less resistant than bacterial endospores. Most fungal spores can be inactivated by standard sterilization techniques such as autoclaving.
D. Protozoan cysts: Protozoan cysts are protective forms that allow protozoa to survive harsh environments, including changes in pH and desiccation. While they are moderately resistant, they are not as impervious to sterilization methods as bacterial endospores.
E. Naked viruses: Naked (non-enveloped) viruses are more resistant than enveloped viruses to detergents and some disinfectants due to the absence of a lipid envelope. However, they are still more susceptible to heat, radiation, and chemical agents than bacterial endospores.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Both facilitated diffusion and active transport require carrier proteins to move substances across the plasma membrane, but the mechanisms differ. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier or channel proteins to transport molecules down their concentration gradient without energy expenditure. In contrast, active transport also uses carrier proteins but moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input, usually from ATP hydrolysis. These proteins provide specificity for particular molecules and enable transport that cannot occur through simple diffusion, ensuring that cells can regulate nutrient uptake, ion balance, and waste removal efficiently.
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