The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called
ribosomal RNA.
primer RNA.
transfer RNA.
ribozymes.
messenger RNA
The Correct Answer is C
A. ribosomal RNA: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural and functional component of ribosomes, where it helps catalyze peptide bond formation and provides a scaffold for protein synthesis. rRNA does not carry amino acids to the ribosome, so it does not perform the transport function needed during translation.
B. primer RNA: Primer RNA, or RNA primers, are short sequences synthesized during DNA replication to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase. They are not involved in protein synthesis or carrying amino acids to ribosomes.
C. transfer RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Each tRNA has an anticodon complementary to a codon on the messenger RNA, ensuring that amino acids are added in the correct sequence to form a polypeptide chain.
D. ribozymes: Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity that can perform specific biochemical reactions, such as RNA cleavage or splicing. They do not carry amino acids to the ribosome.
E. messenger RNA: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA to the ribosome, serving as a template for protein synthesis. While essential for translation, mRNA does not physically transport amino acids.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Conjugation: Conjugation is a form of bacterial DNA recombination in which genetic material is transferred directly from one bacterial cell to another through a pilus. This process allows for the exchange of plasmids or chromosomal fragments, contributing to genetic diversity and the spread of traits like antibiotic resistance.
B. Transformation: Transformation involves the uptake of free, naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell. This DNA can integrate into the recipient’s genome, leading to genetic variation. Transformation is commonly observed in naturally competent bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C. Transduction: Transduction is the process by which bacterial DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage (virus). The phage accidentally incorporates host DNA and introduces it into a new bacterial cell, facilitating genetic recombination without direct cell-to-cell contact.
D. Induction: Induction is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination. Instead, it refers to the activation of gene expression, often in response to environmental signals, such as the induction of operons in bacteria. It does not involve the exchange or incorporation of DNA between cells and therefore does not contribute to genetic recombination.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Enveloped: Enveloped viruses acquire their lipid membrane from the host cell during the budding process. This allows the virus to exit the host cell without immediately lysing it. The envelope contains viral glycoproteins essential for attachment and entry into new host cells, and the budding process helps maintain host cell viability temporarily.
B. Non-enveloped: Non-enveloped viruses lack a lipid membrane and typically exit host cells through lysis, which destroys the cell. Because they do not have an envelope, they cannot bud and must rely on cell rupture to release progeny virions.
C. Noninfectious: Viruses that are noninfectious are incapable of establishing infection in host cells. Budding does not determine infectivity; enveloped viruses released via budding are usually fully infectious and able to infect subsequent cells.
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