The student nurse learns that the hormone necessary for milk production is

Estrogen.

Prolactin.

Progesterone.

Lactogen.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is choice B. Prolactin.

Choice A reason:

Estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that plays a role in the development of the mammary glands and the ductal system during pregnancy. However, estrogen does not directly produce milk.

In fact, high levels of estrogen during pregnancy inhibit milk secretion by blocking prolactin. Therefore, estrogen is not the hormone necessary for milk production. • Choice B reason:

Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for the production of breast milk. Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland in response to suckling or nipple stimulation. Prolactin levels rise during pregnancy and peak after delivery, when the sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone allows prolactin to take over and initiate lactation. Therefore, prolactin is the hormone necessary for milk production. • Choice C reason:

Progesterone. Progesterone is a hormone that also contributes to the development of the mammary glands and the alveoli during pregnancy. However, like estrogen, progesterone does not directly produce milk. Progesterone also inhibits milk secretion by blocking prolactin during pregnancy. Therefore, progesterone is not the hormone necessary for milk production. •

Choice D reason:

Lactogen. Lactogen is not a hormone, but a general term for any substance that stimulates lactation. There are different types of lactogens, such as human placental lactogen (hPL), which is produced by the placenta during pregnancy and has some lactogenic effects on the mammary glands. However, hPL is not the main hormone responsible for milk production. That role belongs to prolactin. Therefore, lactogen is not the hormone necessary for milk production.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is c. Dehydration. A significantly indented anterior fontanelle in a newborn is most commonly a sign of dehydration.

Choice A reason:

Increased intracranial pressure: This statement is incorrect because increased intracranial pressure typically causes a bulging, not indented, fontanelle. Symptoms include irritability, vomiting, and a high-pitched cry.

Choice B reason:

Vernix caseosa: This statement is incorrect because vernix caseosa is a white, cheesy substance covering the skin of newborns, unrelated to fontanelle indentation. It serves as a protective layer for the baby’s skin.

Choice C reason:

Dehydration: This statement is correct. Dehydration in newborns can cause a sunken fontanelle due to the loss of fluid. Other signs include dry mouth, sunken eyes, and fewer wet diapers.

Choice D reason:

Cyanosis: This statement is incorrect because cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, not related to fontanelle shape. It indicates issues with oxygenation or circulation.

Correct Answer is []

Explanation

The diagram should be completed as follows:

Condition Most Likely Experiencing: B. Respiratory distress syndrome. Action to Take 1: C. Administer Surfactant as prescribed. Action to Take 2: Provide oxygen therapy as needed. Parameter to Monitor 1: B. Arterial blood gases. Parameter to Monitor 2: D. Oxygen saturation.

Conditions Explained

Choice A reason:
Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood glucose level is too low. It can cause symptoms
such as jitteriness, lethargy, poor feeding, and seizures. However, hypoglycemia does not
explain the respiratory signs that the newborn is experiencing, such as tachypnea, grunting,
nasal flaring, and retractions. Acrocyanosis is also not a sign of hypoglycemia. Therefore,
choice A is incorrect.
Choice B reason:
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a condition where the lungs are not fully developed
and lack enough surfactant, a substance that helps the alveoli stay open and exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide. It can cause symptoms such as tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring,
retractions, and cyanosis. RDS is more common in premature infants, especially those born
before 37 weeks of gestation. Acrocyanosis can be a normal finding in the first 24 hours of
life, but it can also indicate poor perfusion due to respiratory compromise. Therefore, choice
B is the most likely condition that the newborn is experiencing.
Choice C reason:
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a condition where the newborn withdraws from

drugs that were exposed in utero. It can cause symptoms such as irritability, tremors, high-
pitched crying, poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating. However, NAS does not

explain the respiratory signs that the newborn is experiencing, such as tachypnea, grunting,
nasal flaring, and retractions. Acrocyanosis is also not a sign of NAS. Therefore, choice C is
incorrect.
Choice D reason:
Jaundice is a condition where the skin and sclerae turn yellow due to excess bilirubin in the
blood. It can be caused by various factors such as blood group incompatibility, hemolysis,
infection, or liver dysfunction. However, jaundice does not explain the respiratory signs that
the newborn is experiencing, such as tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, and retractions.
Acrocyanosis is also not a sign of jaundice.

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The student nurse learns that the hormone necessary for milk production is

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse notices while holding him upright that a 1-day-old newborn has a significantly indented anterior fontanelle. She immediately brings it to the attention of the physician. What does this finding most likely indicate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is []

Explanation

A woman had spinal anesthesia for delivery. Now she complains of a pounding headache rated 7/10. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?

A nurse is caring for a client who is at 40 weeks gestation and is in active labor. The client has 6 cm of cervical dilation and 100% cervical effacement. The nurse obtains the client's blood pressure reading as 82/52 mm Hg. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse perform?

A woman received 50 mcg of fentanyl intravenously 1 hour before delivery. What drug should the nurse have readily available?

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The nurse understands which condition is a contraindication for an amniotomy.

Choose the sign or symptom that a new mother should be taught to report:

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A maternal indication for the use of vacuum extraction is