The ______ tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.
Adenoid
Lingual
Palatine
Pharyngeal
Nasopharyngeal
The Correct Answer is C
A. Adenoid: This term refers to a single mass of lymphoid tissue located in the roof of the nasopharynx. While often removed during childhood, it is not described as the "largest" among the tonsillar groups. Hypertrophy of this tissue can cause nasal obstruction but is distinct from the palatine tonsils.
B. Lingual: These tonsils are located at the base of the tongue on its posterior surface. They are relatively small and numerous compared to the other tonsillar groups and are rarely the primary focus of surgical intervention. They do not cause the obstructive symptoms typically associated with pediatric tonsillectomy.
C. Palatine: These are the classic "tonsils" located in the oropharynx between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches. They are the largest and most prominent of the lymphoid tissues in the pharyngeal ring. Chronic inflammation or hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is the primary indication for surgical tonsillectomy.
D. Pharyngeal: This is another name for the adenoid tissue found in the nasopharynx. Although it is part of Waldeyer's ring, it is anatomically separate from the palatine tonsils. While its removal (adenoidectomy) is common, it does not hold the status of being the largest tonsillar structure.
E. nasopharyngeal: This is a regional description for the pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid. This tissue is located superior to the oral cavity and is involved in monitoring inhaled pathogens. It is not the structure typically referred to as the largest tonsil in standard anatomical and surgical textbooks.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Hormone at E - Growth Hormone (GH): The diagram indicates that hormone E is released from the anterior pituitary and targets the liver and skeletal muscles. In the liver, it stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) to promote systemic growth. Its action on skeletal muscle facilitates protein synthesis and tissue hypertrophy.
B. Hormone A - Prolactin (PRL): The diagram depicts hormone A traveling from the adenohypophysis to the mammary glands. This protein hormone is essential for initiating and maintaining milk production following parturition. Its secretion is regulated by hypothalamic dopamine, which serves as a primary prolactin-inhibiting factor.
C. Hormone B - Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH): The pathway labeled B shows a tropic hormone targeting the thyroid gland. TSH stimulates the follicular cells of the thyroid to synthesize and release thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This hormone is a critical regulator of systemic basal metabolic rate and cellular heat production.
D. Hormone C - Gonadotropins (FSH and LH): Label C represents the gonadotropins, specifically follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, which target the testes and ovaries. These hormones regulate gametogenesis and the secretion of sex steroids like testosterone and estrogen. They are essential for the maintenance of reproductive cycles and secondary sexual characteristics.
E. Hormone at D - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): The diagram shows hormone D being secreted from the anterior pituitary and traveling specifically to the adrenal gland. More specifically, it targets the adrenal cortex to regulate the production of steroid hormones. It is a critical component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. glucagon, lowers: Glucagon is the correct hormone secreted by alpha cells during a fasting state, but its physiological action is the opposite of lowering glucose. Glucagon is a hyperglycemic agent that works to restore blood sugar levels. Lowering blood glucose is the primary function of the hormone insulin.
B. glucagon, raises: During the post-absorptive state, decreasing blood glucose levels trigger the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets to release glucagon. This hormone stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. This homeostatic mechanism ensures a steady energy supply for the brain.
C. Insulin, lowers: Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas, not the alpha cells, typically following a meal when glucose levels are high. While it effectively lowers blood glucose, it would not be secreted "many hours after a meal" during a fasting state. Its secretion is inhibited during hypoglycemia.
D. insulin, raises: This choice incorrectly identifies the cell type, the timing of secretion, and the physiological effect of the hormone. Insulin lowers blood sugar by promoting cellular uptake and is not a product of alpha cells. It never functions to raise systemic blood glucose concentrations.
E. glucocorticoids; raises: Glucocorticoids like cortisol are secreted by the adrenal cortex, not the pancreatic islets, and they do raise blood glucose. However, they are regulated by the pituitary-adrenal axis rather than directly by local pancreatic islet cells. Alpha cells are specifically dedicated to the secretion of glucagon.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.