The use of a physical or chemical process to destroy vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects is called
sanitization.
degermation.
disinfection.
sterilization.
antisepsis.
The Correct Answer is C
A. sanitization: Sanitization refers to the process of reducing microbial populations on inanimate objects to levels considered safe by public health standards. It lowers the risk of infection but does not necessarily destroy all vegetative pathogens.
B. degermation: Degermation, also called degerming, is the mechanical removal of microbes from a surface, typically the skin, using friction and antiseptics. It reduces microbial load but does not fully destroy pathogens and is mainly used for living tissues.
C. disinfection: Disinfection is the use of physical (e.g., heat) or chemical agents to destroy vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects. It effectively eliminates most pathogenic microorganisms, though it may not destroy bacterial spores. Disinfection is commonly used for medical equipment, surfaces, and instruments that do not require sterilization.
D. sterilization: Sterilization is a process that destroys all forms of microbial life, including spores. It is more extreme than disinfection and is used for surgical instruments and other items that must be completely free of microorganisms.
E. antisepsis: Antisepsis refers to the application of chemical agents to living tissues to inhibit or destroy microorganisms. Unlike disinfection, antisepsis is safe for skin and mucous membranes but may not completely eliminate all pathogens.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Budding: Yeasts, which are unicellular fungi, primarily reproduce asexually through budding. In this process, a small protuberance forms on the parent cell, grows, and eventually detaches to become a new independent cell. Budding allows rapid population growth and is a hallmark characteristic of organisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
B. Binary fission: Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction for most prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, in which a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. While yeasts can undergo mitotic divisions, budding is their main asexual reproductive mechanism.
C. Conjugation: Conjugation is a form of genetic recombination seen in some bacteria and protozoa, involving the transfer of genetic material between two cells. Yeasts generally do not use conjugation as their primary reproductive strategy, although sexual reproduction via mating types can occur under certain conditions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. semisynthetic drugs: Semisynthetic drugs are chemically modified natural antibiotics designed to improve their stability, spectrum, or pharmacokinetic properties. While some may target gram-positive bacteria, the term does not specifically indicate activity against a narrow group of organisms.
B. antibiotics: Antibiotics are naturally occurring or derived substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms. This term refers broadly to the type of drug rather than the range of bacteria it affects, so it does not specifically describe drugs limited to gram-positive bacteria.
C. broad-spectrum drugs: Broad-spectrum drugs are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. They are used when the specific pathogen is unknown but are not limited to gram-positive bacteria.
D. narrow-spectrum drugs: Narrow-spectrum drugs are effective against a limited group of microorganisms. In this context, a drug that targets only gram-positive bacteria is considered narrow-spectrum, as it does not act against gram-negative organisms and allows for more targeted therapy with reduced impact on normal flora.
E. synthetic drugs: Synthetic drugs are entirely chemically synthesized rather than derived from natural sources. While some synthetic drugs may target gram-positive bacteria, the term describes the origin of the drug, not its spectrum of activity.
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