Therapeutic management of children with Hirschsprung's disease includes:
a low-fiber diet.
surgical removal of aganglionic bowel segment(s).
a permanent colostomy.
medical management with nasogastric decompression until the issue resolves.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. A low-fiber diet is not a definitive treatment; dietary modifications may help manage symptoms but do not correct the underlying problem.
B. Surgical removal of the aganglionic segment of the bowel is the primary treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease, as the affected segment lacks nerve cells needed for normal peristalsis. Postoperative care may include temporary ostomy in some cases, but definitive management requires excision of the affected bowel.
C. A permanent colostomy is rarely needed; most children undergo a primary pull-through procedure.
D. Nasogastric decompression and supportive medical management do not resolve the underlying defect, though they may be used temporarily preoperatively to relieve obstruction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Avoiding contact sports is important long-term, but it is not the immediate priority for an unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).
B. While limited weight-bearing is essential, prolonged wheelchair use is typically only required until surgical stabilization, not as a permanent measure.
C. Ice or heat applications provide minimal benefit for SCFE; they do not address the mechanical instability of the hip.
D. Surgical repair is the definitive treatment for an unstable SCFE. Prompt surgical intervention, usually in situ pinning, is necessary to prevent further slippage, reduce the risk of avascular necrosis, and restore hip stability. Early recognition and timely surgery are critical components of anticipatory guidance for the patient and family
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Pulmonary valve stenosis typically produces a systolic ejection murmur, not a continuous machine-like murmur.
B. A venous hum is continuous but usually heard over the right or left supraclavicular area and is benign.
C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) classically produces a continuous, “machine-like” murmur best heard at the upper left sternal border. The murmur persists throughout systole and diastole due to continuous blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery.
D. A ventricular septal defect usually produces a holosystolic murmur heard best at the lower left sternal border, not a continuous machine-like murmur.
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