To assess for the presence of kyphosis, which action should the nurse take?

Rationale:
A. Leading questions: Leading questions suggest an answer and can bias the client's response. They may prevent the nurse from obtaining an accurate and full description of the sputum’s characteristics, which is critical for assessing pneumonia severity.

B. Open ended questioning: Open-ended questions encourage the client to describe their symptoms in their own words, providing more detailed and accurate information about sputum color, consistency, and quantity. This technique allows for a fuller understanding of the client’s condition.

C. Closed ended questions: Closed-ended questions limit the client's response to a simple "yes" or "no" or brief answer. While useful later for clarifying details, they do not encourage the rich description needed for initial assessment of sputum characteristics.

D. Detailed questions about a symptom: Detailed questioning is appropriate after an initial broad assessment. First, the nurse should use open-ended questions to gather a general description, then proceed with more detailed or specific inquiries based on the client’s initial response.

Rationale:
A. Flex and hold as opposing force is applied: This technique evaluates the strength of prime-mover muscle groups by having the client actively flex against resistance. It allows the nurse to assess muscle function, endurance, and the ability to maintain strength against an external force.

B. Perform sets of passive range of motion: Passive range of motion exercises assess joint flexibility and mobility but do not evaluate the client's active muscle strength since the movements are performed by the examiner rather than the client.

C. Hold arms straight forward with eyes closed: This action is part of a neurological assessment, specifically testing for proprioception and balance (Romberg test), not a direct evaluation of muscle group strength.

D. Stand on each foot without assistance: Standing on one foot assesses balance and coordination more than muscle strength. It involves neuromuscular control but does not directly isolate or test specific prime-mover muscle groups under resistance.