What are included in age-related cardiovascular changes? (Select all that apply.)
Decreased resting cardiac output
Increased risk for heart attack
Increased blood pressure
Increased coronary blood flow
Decreased rigidity of the heart
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Decreased resting cardiac output
Cardiac output decreases due to reduced myocardial efficiency and heart muscle compliance.
B. Increased risk for heart attack
Atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness raise the risk of myocardial infarction.
C. Increased blood pressure
Arterial stiffness and decreased elasticity lead to increased systolic blood pressure.
D. Increased coronary blood flow
Blood flow may actually decrease due to narrowing of coronary arteries.
E. Decreased rigidity of the heart
Aging causes the heart muscle to increase in rigidity (i.e., become stiffer), not decrease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 24-hour dietary intake of 75% of meals
This indicates adequate intake and is generally not concerning.
B. 24-hour urinary output of 1450 mL
This is within the normal range for urinary output and does not indicate GI dysfunction.
C. Weight loss of 2 lb since admission 2 months ago
While unintended weight loss in older adults is important, 2 pounds over 2 months is mild and not the most urgent finding.
D. Last bowel movement 4 days ago
Constipation is common but potentially serious in older adults. Not having a bowel movement for 4 days increases the risk for fecal impaction, discomfort, or bowel obstruction, and warrants intervention.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Arthritis
This is a joint disease, not a spinal curvature.
B. Lordosis
This is the inward curvature of the lumbar spine, not thoracic.
C. Scoliosis
This refers to a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
D. Kyphosis
Kyphosis is the outward curvature of the thoracic spine, common in elderly individuals due to osteoporosis and vertebral compression, leading to a stooped posture.
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