What are included in age-related cardiovascular changes? (Select all that apply.)
Decreased resting cardiac output
Increased risk for heart attack
Increased blood pressure
Increased coronary blood flow
Decreased rigidity of the heart
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Decreased resting cardiac output
Cardiac output decreases due to reduced myocardial efficiency and heart muscle compliance.
B. Increased risk for heart attack
Atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness raise the risk of myocardial infarction.
C. Increased blood pressure
Arterial stiffness and decreased elasticity lead to increased systolic blood pressure.
D. Increased coronary blood flow
Blood flow may actually decrease due to narrowing of coronary arteries.
E. Decreased rigidity of the heart
Aging causes the heart muscle to increase in rigidity (i.e., become stiffer), not decrease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Weight-bearing exercises
Resistance and weight-bearing activities help preserve and improve muscle strength and mass in older adults.
B. Increased calcium in diet
Supports bone health, not directly muscle strength.
C. Limited walking and bicycling activities
Limiting activity would worsen muscle weakness and atrophy.
D. Use of a cane when walking
Canes help with safety and mobility but do not prevent muscle loss.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Speak clearly and distinctly while facing the patient: Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, especially for high-pitched sounds; facing the patient allows for lip-reading and better auditory cues.
B. Place needed articles within easy reach: This is more relevant for fall prevention or physical limitations, not specifically hearing loss.
C. Orient the patient to time and place as needed: This intervention is for cognitive deficits such as dementia or delirium.
D. Announce your presence when entering the patient's room: While polite and helpful, it does not address the communication barrier caused by presbycusis as effectively as clear speech.
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