What are the classic symptoms of someone presenting with Type I diabetes mellitus?
recurrent infections - visual changes - fatigue
polydipsia - polyuria - polyphagia - weight loss
vomiting - abdominal pain - dehydration
weakness - vomiting - hypotension
The Correct Answer is B
A. Recurrent infections–visual changes–fatigue: These manifestations are more commonly seen in clients with poorly controlled or long-standing diabetes rather than at initial presentation of type 1 diabetes. They reflect chronic complications rather than acute onset symptoms.
B. Polydipsia–polyuria–polyphagia–weight loss: The classic presenting symptoms of type 1 diabetes include excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), increased hunger (polyphagia), and unexplained weight loss. These result from insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia and catabolism of fat and muscle.
C. Vomiting–abdominal pain–dehydration: These symptoms may occur during diabetic ketoacidosis, a potential complication of type 1 diabetes, but they are not the typical presenting signs of the disease in an otherwise stable state. They indicate a more severe, acute metabolic disturbance.
D. Weakness–vomiting–hypotension: While these may be present in severe hyperglycemia or dehydration, they are nonspecific and do not represent the classic triad of type 1 diabetes onset. These findings suggest a more advanced complication rather than initial presentation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Haemophilia: Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by clotting factor deficiencies. It primarily affects coagulation and does not cause low hemoglobin or hematocrit. Mr. Brown shows no signs of abnormal bleeding, making this unlikely.
B. Infection: Infections often present with elevated white blood cell counts or changes in differential. Mr. Brown’s leukocyte count and differential are within normal limits, indicating infection is not the primary cause of his symptoms.
C. Anemia: Low hemoglobin (90 g/L) and hematocrit (.97 L/L) indicate reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. His fatigue and poor dietary intake of iron-rich foods support a diagnosis of anemia, likely nutritional in origin.
D. Platelet deficiency: A platelet deficiency would present with thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding risk. Mr. Brown’s platelet count is within normal limits (300 × 10⁹/L), so platelet deficiency is not contributing to his condition.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Blood sugar issues: Chronic pancreatitis can lead to impaired insulin production, resulting in hyperglycemia or diabetes. While this is a common complication, it is a consequence of pancreatic damage rather than a defining feature of the disease.
B. Diarrhea: Diarrhea may occur due to fat malabsorption from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It is a symptom but not the key indicator that distinguishes chronic pancreatitis from acute forms.
C. Irreversible damage: The hallmark of chronic pancreatitis is irreversible structural and functional damage to the pancreas. Fibrosis, calcification, and permanent loss of exocrine and endocrine function define the chronic nature of the condition and differentiate it from acute pancreatitis.
D. Malabsorption: Malabsorption occurs due to decreased pancreatic enzyme secretion and can lead to steatorrhea and nutrient deficiencies. While significant, it reflects the consequences of chronic damage rather than the defining characteristic itself.
E. Respiratory distress: This is actually a classic complication of acute pancreatitis. In severe acute cases, systemic inflammation can lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). While chronic patients can have lung issues, respiratory distress is not a hallmark or "key sign" for diagnosing the chronic form of the disease.
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