What disorder of vision is characterized by pressure on the optic nerve from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)?
Diabetic retinopathy
Age-related macular degeneration
Cataracts
Glaucoma
The Correct Answer is D
A. Diabetic retinopathy: This is caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina) due to high blood sugar.
B. Age-related macular degeneration: This involves the breakdown of the macula (the center of the retina), leading to loss of central vision, not pressure-related nerve damage.
C. Cataracts: This is the clouding of the lens of the eye, which obstructs light but does not involve IOP or optic nerve pressure.
D. Glaucoma: Glaucoma is specifically defined by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve, leading to progressive vision loss.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Benign fibroadenoma: These are common benign breast lumps and would not be treated with a salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries).
B. PID: This is an infection of the reproductive organs. While it causes pelvic pain and fever, it is treated with antibiotics, not a surgical removal of the ovaries as a primary diagnostic response to a positive HE4 test.
C. Dysmenorrhea: This is simply the medical term for painful menstrual cramps.
D. Ovarian tumor: The HE4 (Human Epididymis Protein 4) test is a biomarker used specifically to monitor or screen for ovarian cancer. A salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the ovaries and tubes, the standard treatment for an ovarian tumor.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis: This is an autoimmune condition that usually leads to hypothyroidism (low T3/T4), resulting in weight gain and cold intolerance, the opposite of this patient.
B. Myxedema: This is a term for severe, advanced hypothyroidism. It presents with lethargy and swelling, not tachycardia or heat intolerance.
C. Graves' disease: This is a form of hyperthyroidism. The hallmark signs include "protruding eyeballs" (exophthalmos), heat intolerance, weight loss, and elevated thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
D. Simple goiter: This is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, often due to iodine deficiency, but it does not typically cause the systemic hyperthyroid symptoms or the eye changes seen here.
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