What is a common side effect of Glipizide that patients should be aware of?
Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Constipation
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Hypoglycemia: Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, which can significantly lower blood glucose levels. This makes hypoglycemia the most common and clinically important side effect patients need to watch for.
B. Weight gain: Weight gain can occur with glipizide use because of increased insulin activity, but it is not the most common or immediate side effect. Hypoglycemia is more frequent and requires greater patient education and monitoring.
C. Constipation: Constipation is not typically associated with glipizide therapy. Gastrointestinal side effects, if present, are usually mild and less significant compared to the risk of hypoglycemia.
D. Hypertension: Glipizide does not commonly cause hypertension. Blood pressure changes are not a notable side effect of sulfonylureas, making this effect less relevant compared to hypoglycemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Moon face: Rounded facial appearance, commonly called moon face, occurs due to fat redistribution associated with cortisol excess. This is one of the characteristic physical features of Cushing’s syndrome.
B. Purple striations: Striae on the abdomen, thighs, and breasts appear as purple or violaceous streaks because elevated cortisol weakens skin integrity and causes collagen breakdown. These striations are a classic sign of Cushing’s syndrome.
C. Buffalo hump: Fat accumulation on the upper back and between the shoulders forms the buffalo hump. This results from abnormal fat redistribution caused by prolonged hypercortisolism.
D. Tremors: Tremors are not a common feature of Cushing’s syndrome. They are more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, stimulant use, or neurological conditions rather than cortisol excess.
E. Hypertension: Elevated cortisol levels increase vascular sensitivity to catecholamines, promoting sodium and water retention. This leads to persistent hypertension, which is a frequent manifestation of Cushing’s syndrome.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The patient has chest pressure when walking: Rosiglitazone is associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischemia and heart failure. Chest pressure with exertion suggests possible angina, making continuation of this medication unsafe and requiring discontinuation.
B. The patient's blood pressure is 154/92: Hypertension requires management, but it is not a direct contraindication for rosiglitazone. While blood pressure control is important in diabetes, this finding alone does not mandate stopping the drug.
C. The patient's blood glucose is 86 mg/dL: This is a normal fasting glucose level and indicates that diabetes is currently well controlled. It does not necessitate discontinuing rosiglitazone.
D. The patient reports a history of emphysema: Chronic lung disease is not directly affected by rosiglitazone use. While comorbidities require monitoring, emphysema is not a contraindication for the drug.
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