A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL

Malignant hypertension

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Acetone odor to breath

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by hyperglycemia, typically with blood glucose levels significantly elevated above normal, often exceeding 250 mg/dL. A glucose level below 40 mg/dL would indicate hypoglycemia, which is not a feature of DKA.

B. Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by extremely high blood pressure and is not directly associated with DKA. DKA primarily involves issues with glucose and acid-base balance rather than hypertension.

C. Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Cheyne-Stokes breathing is a specific pattern of periodic breathing typically seen in severe neurologic conditions or heart failure, not in DKA. DKA is associated with Kussmaul breathing, which is deep and rapid breathing as the body attempts to compensate for metabolic acidosis.

D. Acetone odor to breath: An acetone (fruity) odor to the breath is a classic sign of DKA due to the presence of ketones in the blood and urine. This occurs because the body is breaking down fatty acids for energy, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted through the breath and urine.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Serum T4: In primary hypothyroidism, serum T4 levels are usually low due to decreased production by the thyroid gland.

B. Serum T3: Serum T3 levels are also typically low in primary hypothyroidism, as the thyroid gland produces less hormone overall.

C. Free T4: Free T4, the biologically active form of T4, is also usually low in primary hypothyroidism, reflecting decreased thyroid function.

D. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland is underactive and does not produce enough thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). As a result, the pituitary gland releases more TSH in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormones, leading to elevated TSH levels.

A. Chronic cough B. Sputum production C. Dyspnea D. Wheezing E. Chest tightness

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Chronic cough: Chronic cough is a hallmark symptom of COPD. It results from inflammation and increased mucus production in the airways, leading to a persistent cough that often produces sputum.

B. Sputum production: Sputum production is common in COPD due to chronic bronchitis, which is part of the disease spectrum. It reflects the ongoing inflammation and irritation of the airways.

C. Dyspnea: Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a primary symptom of COPD. It occurs due to airflow limitation and reduced lung capacity, making it difficult for the patient to breathe, especially during physical activity.

D. Wheezing: Wheezing can occur in COPD as a result of narrowed airways due to inflammation and mucus build-up. It is a common but not universally present symptom.

B. Sputum production: Sputum production is common in COPD due to chronic bronchitis, which is part of the disease spectrum. It reflects the ongoing inflammation and irritation of the airways.

D. Wheezing: Wheezing can occur in COPD as a result of narrowed airways due to inflammation and mucus build-up. It is a common but not universally present symptom.

E. Chest tightness: Chest tightness is also a common symptom of COPD, reflecting the discomfort and difficulty in breathing caused by the constriction and inflammation of the airways.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has primary hypothyroidism. The nurse should anticipate an elevation of which of the following laboratory values?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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