A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL

Malignant hypertension

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Acetone odor to breath

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by hyperglycemia, typically with blood glucose levels significantly elevated above normal, often exceeding 250 mg/dL. A glucose level below 40 mg/dL would indicate hypoglycemia, which is not a feature of DKA.

B. Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by extremely high blood pressure and is not directly associated with DKA. DKA primarily involves issues with glucose and acid-base balance rather than hypertension.

C. Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Cheyne-Stokes breathing is a specific pattern of periodic breathing typically seen in severe neurologic conditions or heart failure, not in DKA. DKA is associated with Kussmaul breathing, which is deep and rapid breathing as the body attempts to compensate for metabolic acidosis.

D. Acetone odor to breath: An acetone (fruity) odor to the breath is a classic sign of DKA due to the presence of ketones in the blood and urine. This occurs because the body is breaking down fatty acids for energy, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted through the breath and urine.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Genetics: Genetics is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke, meaning it cannot be changed or controlled. A family history of stroke increases an individual's risk due to inherited traits or predispositions.

B. Obesity: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor. Individuals can reduce their risk through diet, exercise, and other lifestyle changes.

C. History of smoking: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor, as individuals can quit smoking to reduce their risk of stroke.

D. History of hypertension: Hypertension is also a modifiable risk factor, as it can be managed and controlled with medication and lifestyle changes.

A. "This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin." B. "This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health." C. "Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance." D. "Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "This type of diabetes means that the cells in your pancreas do not produce any insulin.": Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which results in an absolute deficiency of insulin. Patients require insulin therapy for management.

B. "This can be a reversible condition, so we will discuss ways to improve your health.": Type 1 diabetes is not reversible. It is a lifelong condition that requires continuous insulin therapy.

C. "Your HbA1c level of 5.7% or below indicates you have impaired glucose tolerance.": An HbA1c level of 5.7% or below is considered normal or indicative of well-controlled blood glucose levels, not impaired glucose tolerance. Impaired glucose tolerance is typically identified with HbA1c levels from 5.7% to 6.4%.

D. "Since you still have working beta cells, you can try a diet to lower your blood sugar.": In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells are mostly or completely non-functional, meaning dietary changes alone are insufficient. Insulin replacement is necessary.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

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