What is a side effect of isosorbide?
Hypertension
Thrombus formation
Chronic constipation
Hypotension
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hypertension: Isosorbide is a nitrate that works as a vasodilator, which lowers blood pressure. It does not cause hypertension; in fact, elevated blood pressure would be counterproductive to its therapeutic effect in angina management.
B. Thrombus formation: Isosorbide does not promote blood clot formation. Its primary action is to dilate blood vessels and reduce myocardial oxygen demand, and it does not have pro-thrombotic effects.
C. Chronic constipation: Constipation is not a recognized side effect of isosorbide. Gastrointestinal disturbances are uncommon, and the medication primarily affects the vascular system rather than intestinal motility.
D. Hypotension: Hypotension is a common side effect of isosorbide due to its vasodilatory action. By relaxing vascular smooth muscle, it can lower systemic blood pressure, sometimes leading to dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Sulfa allergy: Inhaled corticosteroids are not sulfonamide-based medications, so a history of sulfa allergy does not increase the risk of adverse effects. Monitoring for allergic reactions related to sulfa is not necessary.
B. Diabetes mellitus: Inhaled corticosteroids can increase blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and reducing insulin sensitivity. Clients with diabetes are at risk for hyperglycemia, so closer monitoring of blood glucose is essential while on this medication.
C. Asthma: Asthma is an indication for inhaled corticosteroids rather than a risk factor for adverse effects. While monitoring for effectiveness is important, asthma itself does not necessitate additional safety monitoring beyond standard care.
D. Cataracts: Long-term systemic corticosteroid use is associated with an increased risk of cataracts, but inhaled corticosteroids have a much lower systemic absorption. While eye exams may be part of long-term care, immediate close monitoring is not typically required for cataracts.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increase your fiber and fluid intake to prevent constipation: Lisinopril is not associated with constipation as a common adverse effect. Teaching focused on bowel regulation is more appropriate for medications that reduce gastrointestinal motility, such as opioids, rather than ACE inhibitors.
B. Call 911 if you experience facial swelling or difficulty breathing: Facial swelling and difficulty breathing are hallmark signs of angioedema, a rare but life-threatening adverse effect of lisinopril. Immediate emergency care is required because airway obstruction can develop rapidly and become fatal without prompt intervention.
C. Eat foods high in potassium or take a potassium supplement: Lisinopril decreases aldosterone secretion, leading to potassium retention. Encouraging high-potassium intake or supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia, which can result in dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias.
D. A dry cough is normal and the medication should be continued: A persistent dry cough is a known side effect of lisinopril, but it should be reported to the healthcare provider. The medication may need to be changed if the cough is bothersome or persistent, rather than automatically continued.
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