What is a side effect of isosorbide?
Hypertension
Thrombus formation
Chronic constipation
Hypotension
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hypertension: Isosorbide is a nitrate that works as a vasodilator, which lowers blood pressure. It does not cause hypertension; in fact, elevated blood pressure would be counterproductive to its therapeutic effect in angina management.
B. Thrombus formation: Isosorbide does not promote blood clot formation. Its primary action is to dilate blood vessels and reduce myocardial oxygen demand, and it does not have pro-thrombotic effects.
C. Chronic constipation: Constipation is not a recognized side effect of isosorbide. Gastrointestinal disturbances are uncommon, and the medication primarily affects the vascular system rather than intestinal motility.
D. Hypotension: Hypotension is a common side effect of isosorbide due to its vasodilatory action. By relaxing vascular smooth muscle, it can lower systemic blood pressure, sometimes leading to dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Controlled blood glucose: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and does not affect glucose metabolism. It has no role in managing diabetes or controlling blood glucose levels.
B. Enhanced cognitive function: Verapamil does not improve cognition or memory. Its pharmacologic action is focused on the cardiovascular system rather than the central nervous system.
C. Increased muscle strength: Verapamil does not influence skeletal muscle strength. Its mechanism targets smooth and cardiac muscle by inhibiting calcium influx, primarily affecting vascular tone and heart contractility.
D. Decreased blood pressure: Verapamil causes vasodilation by blocking calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, which reduces systemic vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure. It is used therapeutically to manage hypertension and certain cardiac arrhythmias.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Metformin: Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used to manage type 2 diabetes. It does not have sedative properties or significant central nervous system depressant effects, so it does not interact with diphenhydramine to increase CNS depression.
B. Sedatives: Sedatives, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol, can enhance the central nervous system depressant effects of diphenhydramine. Concurrent use increases drowsiness, dizziness, and risk of impaired cognitive or motor function, which can be dangerous, especially in older adults.
C. Soy sauce: Soy sauce is a dietary condiment and does not affect CNS activity. It does not potentiate the sedative effects of diphenhydramine and is not relevant to interactions involving CNS depression.
D. Caffeine: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that can counteract the sedative effects of diphenhydramine rather than enhance CNS depression. Its interaction is the opposite, potentially reducing drowsiness caused by antihistamines.
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