What is an early sign of malignant hyperthermia during surgery?
Muscle rigidity
Low blood pressure
Hypothermia
Decreased heart rate
The Correct Answer is A
A. One of the earliest and hallmark signs of malignant hyperthermia (MH) is generalized muscle rigidity, especially masseter (jaw) muscle rigidity after administration of succinylcholine or volatile anesthetics. This occurs due to a genetic defect in calcium regulation in skeletal muscles.
B. Hypotension may occur later in the progression of MH due to cardiovascular collapse, but it is not an early sign.
C. MH is characterized by rapidly increasing body temperature (hyperthermia), not hypothermia.
D. Tachycardia (increased heart rate) is usually seen early in MH, not bradycardia (decreased heart rate).
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Carbohydrates are not appropriate at this stage; the client is hyperglycemic and requires glucose-lowering interventions, not additional carbohydrates.
B. Dietary instruction is important for long-term management but is not a priority during the acute phase of HHS, which is a medical emergency.
C. Fluid replacement is the priority. Clients with HHS experience extreme dehydration due to osmotic diuresis. Rapid IV fluid administration is essential to restore perfusion, correct hypotension, and prevent shock.
D. Oxygen may be used if the client has respiratory distress, but it is not the primary intervention in HHS, where dehydration is the most urgent concern.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Treating the infection promptly with antibiotics is the highest priority in managing a UTI. This helps eliminate the causative bacteria, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications like pyelonephritis or sepsis.
B. Offering a warm sitz bath is helpful but not priority. While this may relieve discomfort or dysuria, it does not treat the underlying infection.
C. Cranberry juice may help prevent future UTIs but does not treat active infections.
D. Clients with a UTI should be encouraged to increase fluid intake, not decrease, to help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
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