A person who follows a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet includes which of the following in their meals?
Plant-based foods, eggs, and dairy products
Plant-based foods and dairy, but no eggs
Plant-based foods and eggs, but no dairy
Plant-based foods only, with no animal products
The Correct Answer is A
A. A lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet includes plant-based foods along with both eggs and dairy products. Individuals following this diet avoid meat, poultry, and fish but still consume eggs, milk, cheese, and yogurt. This combination allows them to meet their protein needs, obtain essential vitamins such as B12 and riboflavin, and maintain adequate calcium intake for bone health. The inclusion of eggs provides high-quality protein and nutrients such as choline, which is important for brain health, while dairy products supply calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus. By relying on plant-based foods for the majority of the diet, individuals also gain dietary fiber, antioxidants, and other micronutrients that support overall health.
B. This describes a lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes dairy products but excludes eggs. While it provides calcium and some protein, it may require additional sources of nutrients found in eggs, such as vitamin B12 and high-quality protein, to meet daily requirements.
C. This describes an ovo-vegetarian diet, which includes eggs but excludes dairy products. While eggs supply protein and certain vitamins, the absence of dairy may require supplementation or careful dietary planning to ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
D. This describes a vegan diet, which excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy. Vegans must plan carefully to obtain sufficient protein, calcium, vitamin B12, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids from plant-based sources or supplements.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Removing essential vitamins does not enrich a food; in fact, it reduces its nutritional value. Food processing can result in nutrient losses, but the goal of enrichment is to restore, not remove, those nutrients.
B. Enrichment is the process of adding nutrients back to a food to replace those lost during processing. A common example is enriching white flour with B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid) and iron after milling removes most of the grain’s natural nutrient content. Enrichment ensures that processed foods maintain essential nutrient levels comparable to their original form.
C. Adding nutrients that were not originally present in the food is called fortification, not enrichment. For example, adding vitamin D to milk is fortification.
D. Neutralizing anti-nutrients, such as phytic acid in grains or legumes, improves mineral absorption but is a separate process from enrichment. It does not involve adding back lost nutrients.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a form of hemoglobin bound to glucose, used as a marker of long-term blood sugar control in diabetes. It is not an energy molecule produced by cells.
B. Saturated fatty acids are a type of dietary fat or stored fat in the body. While they can be broken down to produce energy, they are not the direct energy currency within the cell.
C. Hydrogen phosphate is an ion involved in cellular chemistry and pH buffering, but it is not the main energy molecule for cellular processes.
D. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency of the cell. Cells convert glucose through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, or fatty acids through beta-oxidation and the Krebs cycle, into ATP. ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds and releases it to power cellular processes such as muscle contraction, nerve transmission, active transport, and biosynthesis of macromolecules.
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