What is the main action of steroid hormones once they enter a target cell?
They increase the production of ATP in mitochondria.
They cause immediate depolarization of the cell membrane.
They bind to intracellular receptors to influence gene expression.
They bind to extracellular receptors to trigger second messenger pathways.
The Correct Answer is C
A. They increase the production of ATP in mitochondria.: Steroid hormones do not primarily act by directly increasing mitochondrial ATP production as their main mechanism.
B. They cause immediate depolarization of the cell membrane.: Immediate membrane depolarization is characteristic of ion channel activity and some neurotransmitters, not the typical action of steroid hormones.
C. They bind to intracellular receptors to influence gene expression.: Steroid hormones are lipophilic, cross the cell membrane, bind intracellular (cytosolic or nuclear) receptors, and modulate transcription of target genes.
D. They bind to extracellular receptors to trigger second messenger pathways.: Binding to cell-surface receptors and second-messenger activation describes peptide and many amine hormones, not steroid hormones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Parathyroid gland:The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), the principal hormone that raises blood calcium by increasing bone resorption, renal calcium reabsorption, and activation of vitamin D.
B. Thyroid gland:The thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism (thyroid hormones) and secretes calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium but plays a lesser role than PTH in everyday calcium regulation.
C. Pituitary gland:The pituitary regulates many endocrine glands via trophic hormones but does not directly control minute-to-minute calcium regulation.
D. Adrenal gland:The adrenal glands regulate stress responses, salt balance (aldosterone), and metabolism (cortisol), but not primary calcium homeostasis.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. By blocking ion channels on the cell membrane.:Blocking ion channels is a mechanism more typical of some neurotransmitters or drugs, not the usual action of steroid hormones.
B. By entering the cell and directly influencing gene expression.:Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, cross the cell membrane, bind intracellular receptors, and modulate transcription of target genes.
C. By binding to cell surface receptors and activating second messenger systems.:Binding cell-surface receptors and second-messenger activation is characteristic of peptide and many amine hormones, not steroid hormones.
D. By altering the pH of the target cell's cytoplasm.:Steroid hormones do not exert their effects by changing intracellular pH.
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