Which of the following is a primary chemical characteristic distinguishing steroid hormones from non-steroid hormones?
Non-steroid hormones include lipid-based molecules.
Non-steroid hormones contain fatty acids.
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol.
Steroid hormones are composed of amino acids.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Non-steroid hormones include lipid-based molecules.: Many non-steroid hormones are peptide- or amino-acid–derived and are water-soluble rather than lipid-based, although some non-steroid hormones (like thyroid hormones) are lipid-soluble exceptions.
B. Non-steroid hormones contain fatty acids.: Non-steroid hormones are typically peptides or amino-acid derivatives and do not characteristically contain fatty-acid structures.
C. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol.: Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, giving them a four-ring lipid structure that makes them lipid-soluble and able to cross cell membranes.
D. Steroid hormones are composed of amino acids.: Steroid hormones are not composed of amino acids; amino-acid composition is a feature of peptide hormones and some amine hormones.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The endocrine system is responsible for voluntary actions:Voluntary actions, such as skeletal muscle movement, are controlled by the somatic nervous system, not the endocrine system.
B. Both systems use the same chemical messengers:The nervous and endocrine systems use different primary messengers—neurotransmitters for neurons and hormones for endocrine glands—although some overlap exists (e.g., norepinephrine).
C. The endocrine system is faster than the nervous system:The endocrine system typically acts more slowly because hormones travel through the bloodstream, while the nervous system acts rapidly via electrical impulses.
D. The endocrine system uses hormones, while the nervous system uses electrical impulses:The endocrine system relies on hormones carried by the blood for communication, whereas the nervous system transmits information via electrical impulses along neurons for immediate responses.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The nervous system has no influence on pituitary gland secretions.: The hypothalamus, which is part of the nervous system, directly regulates pituitary secretions, so the nervous system does exert control over the pituitary.
B. The nervous system controls pituitary secretions through adrenal gland signals.: The adrenal glands are downstream endocrine organs influenced by pituitary hormones, not the primary route by which the nervous system controls the pituitary.
C. The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland through releasing and inhibiting hormones.: The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel (via the portal blood vessels to the anterior pituitary) or via neural axons to the posterior pituitary to regulate pituitary hormone release.
D. The pituitary gland secretes hormones independently of the nervous system.: The pituitary receives regulatory input from the hypothalamus (a neural structure), so pituitary secretion is under significant neuroendocrine control rather than being fully independent.
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