What is the primary role of ligaments in synovial joints?

A. Hinge joint:Hinge joints allow movement primarily in one plane and do not provide the widest range of motion.
B. Pivot joint:Pivot joints allow rotation around a single axis and are limited compared with multiaxial joints.
C. Ball and socket joint:Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder, permit movement in multiple axes including rotation, providing the widest range of motion.
D. Saddle joint:Saddle joints allow biaxial movement but do not match the multiaxial freedom of a ball-and-socket joint.

A. Medullary cavity:The medullary cavity is the hollow central space within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow; it is not where bone lengthening takes place.
B. Epiphyseal plate:The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is the area of hyaline cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphysis where new bone is produced, leading to longitudinal bone growth during development.
C. Periosteum:The periosteum is a dense connective tissue layer covering the outer surface of bones and contributes to bone thickness and repair rather than length.
D. Articular cartilage:Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints to provide a smooth surface for movement but is not involved in bone growth.