What is the primary role of the mineral iron in physical activity?
Iron assists with nervous system function
Iron is responsible for the transport of oxygen to cells
Iron is used for energy production from carbohydrates
Iron maintains blood volume and blood pressure
The Correct Answer is B
A. While iron plays a role in certain enzymatic reactions in the body, its primary function is not directly related to nervous system function. Nervous system health depends on other nutrients like B vitamins, particularly B12.
B. Iron is essential for oxygen transport in the body. It is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells. Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body, while myoglobin stores and delivers oxygen within muscle cells, supporting energy production during physical activity. Adequate iron is critical for endurance, performance, and preventing fatigue. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, decreased oxygen-carrying capacity, and impaired physical performance.
C. Iron is not directly used to generate energy from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are metabolized via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to produce ATP, but iron’s role is indirect, mainly as a component of hemoglobin and iron-containing enzymes that support oxidative metabolism.
D. While iron deficiency can indirectly affect blood oxygenation and overall cardiovascular function, iron does not directly maintain blood volume or blood pressure. Blood volume is regulated by water balance and electrolytes, while blood pressure depends on vascular resistance, cardiac output, and fluid status.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Calcification refers specifically to the deposition of calcium salts into bone or other tissues. While it is a part of bone formation, it does not encompass the full process of breaking down and rebuilding bone.
B. Bone remodeling is the continuous process in which old or damaged bone tissue is broken down by osteoclasts and replaced with new bone tissue by osteoblasts. This process maintains bone strength, repairs micro-damage, and regulates calcium levels in the body. Remodeling occurs throughout life and is essential for skeletal integrity, adapting bone structure to mechanical stress, and supporting mineral homeostasis.
C. Demineralization is the loss of minerals, primarily calcium, from bone, which weakens bone structure. While it occurs during remodeling, it is not the complete process of both breakdown and rebuilding.
D. Bone growth refers to the increase in bone size or length during development, especially in children and adolescents. Growth primarily occurs at growth plates and is distinct from the remodeling process that continues throughout life.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Its production depends on iron and vitamins such as B6, B12, and folate, but vitamin C does not directly synthesize hemoglobin. Although vitamin C can enhance iron absorption, it is not a component of hemoglobin formation itself.
B. Albumin is a major plasma protein synthesized in the liver. It helps maintain blood osmotic pressure, transports hormones, fatty acids, and drugs, and contributes to overall fluid balance. Vitamin C is not required for albumin production, so this is not the correct answer.
C. Iodine is an essential trace element used to produce thyroid hormones, not a protein. Vitamin C has no role in iodine metabolism or thyroid hormone synthesis.
D. Collagen is a structural protein found throughout the body in connective tissues such as skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and blood vessel walls. Vitamin C is a critical cofactor in the enzymatic hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during collagen synthesis, which stabilizes the triple-helix structure of collagen. Adequate vitamin C ensures strong, healthy connective tissues, proper wound healing, and tissue repair. A deficiency in vitamin C leads to scurvy, characterized by weakened connective tissue, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, joint pain, and easy bruising. Collagen synthesis is therefore the primary way vitamin C helps maintain tissue health.
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