What is the relationship between stress and peptic ulcer disease?
increased glucocorticoids reduced motility
reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands
stress increases the number of acid and pepsinogen cells
reduced bicarbonate content of the bile and pancreatic secretions
The Correct Answer is B
A. Increased glucocorticoids reduced motility: Elevated glucocorticoids during stress can affect gastrointestinal function, but decreased motility alone does not directly cause peptic ulcer disease. Other mechanisms, such as mucosal defense impairment, play a more critical role.
B. Reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands: Stress can cause sympathetic activation, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced perfusion of the gastric mucosa. This compromises the protective mucous layer and bicarbonate secretion, making the stomach lining more susceptible to damage from acid and pepsin.
C. Stress increases the number of acid and pepsinogen cells: Stress does not directly increase the number of acid-producing cells. While acid secretion may be modulated by stress-related factors, structural changes in cell numbers are not the primary mechanism in ulcer formation.
D. Reduced bicarbonate content of the bile and pancreatic secretions: Peptic ulcers are primarily related to gastric and duodenal mucosal injury, not bile or pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Changes in these secretions are not a major factor in stress-related ulcer development.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Amphiarthrosis: Amphiarthroses are joints that allow limited movement, such as the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis. They provide stability while permitting slight mobility but are not freely movable.
B. Synarthrosis: Synarthroses are immovable joints, including sutures of the skull. They are designed to provide structural stability rather than allow motion.
C. Symphysis: A symphysis is a type of amphiarthrosis in which bones are connected by fibrocartilage, allowing limited movement. Examples include the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs.
D. Anarthrosis: Anarthrosis is a term sometimes used to describe a joint with no movement, essentially immobile. It is not applicable to freely mobile joints.
E. Diarthrosis: Diarthroses are freely movable synovial joints, such as the shoulder, hip, and knee. They allow a wide range of motion in one or more planes and are the most common type of joint in the appendicular skeleton.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis is characterized by continuous inflammation of the colon and rectum, leading to recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. These classic symptoms, along with the presence of blood in the stool, strongly suggest ulcerative colitis.
B. Hiatal hernia: Hiatal hernia primarily causes gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn, and epigastric discomfort. It does not typically present with diarrhea or bloody stools, making it an unlikely cause of Jean’s symptoms.
C. Pyloric obstruction: Pyloric obstruction leads to nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and epigastric fullness due to impaired gastric emptying. Bloody diarrhea and chronic abdominal pain are not typical features.
D. Crohn’s disease: Crohn’s disease can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea but usually involves patchy inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Bloody stools are less common than in ulcerative colitis.
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