Which of the following signs and symptoms is NOT characteristic of right-sided heart failure?
Edema
Cool legs
Dyspnea
Nausea
Anorexia
The Correct Answer is B
A. Edema: Peripheral edema, especially in the lower extremities, is a hallmark sign of right-sided heart failure. It occurs due to increased venous pressure and fluid accumulation in dependent tissues. This is a classic manifestation of systemic congestion.
B. Cool legs: Cool extremities are more characteristic of left-sided heart failure or poor arterial perfusion rather than right-sided failure. Right-sided failure primarily causes systemic venous congestion rather than reduced arterial blood flow to the limbs.
C. Dyspnea: While dyspnea is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion, it can also occur in right-sided failure, especially if there is concurrent left-sided dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension.
D. Nausea: Nausea can occur in right-sided heart failure due to hepatic congestion and impaired gastrointestinal perfusion. This reflects the systemic effects of venous blood backup rather than primary pulmonary involvement.
E. Anorexia: Anorexia may result from hepatic congestion and gut edema in right-sided heart failure. Venous congestion affects gastrointestinal function, leading to reduced appetite and early satiety.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Curable with antivirals: Rheumatoid arthritis is not caused by a viral infection, so antiviral medications have no curative effect. Treatment focuses on managing inflammation and preventing joint damage rather than eradicating a pathogen.
B. An autoimmune disease: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial membranes of joints. This leads to inflammation, pain, stiffness, and progressive joint deformity over time.
C. A complication of rheumatic fever: Rheumatic fever can cause rheumatic heart disease, but it is distinct from rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is not a sequela of streptococcal infection.
D. Related to repetitive movements: Conditions caused by repetitive movements, such as osteoarthritis or tendonitis, are mechanical rather than autoimmune. Rheumatoid arthritis arises from immune system dysfunction rather than repetitive stress on joints.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Superior vena cava: The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium, not the left atrium. It is part of the systemic venous circulation.
B. Aorta: The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation. It does not return blood to the heart and is an arterial, not venous, vessel.
C. Pulmonary veins: Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium. This is the only vessel in the systemic circulation that delivers oxygen-rich blood directly to the heart.
D. Inferior vena cava: The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium. Like the superior vena cava, it does not transport blood to the left atrium.
E. Pulmonary arteries: Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. They do not return blood to the heart and do not connect to the left atrium.
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