What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?
secondary structure
primary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
The Correct Answer is A
A. Secondary structure: The secondary structure of a protein involves local folding patterns of the polypeptide backbone, including alpha helices and beta sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms. The coiling into an alpha helix is a classic example of this level.
B. Primary structure: The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain, without any folding or coiling.
C. Tertiary structure: Tertiary structure refers to the overall three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide chain due to interactions between side chains, not the coiling of the backbone.
D. Quaternary structure: Quaternary structure arises when multiple polypeptide chains or subunits come together to form a functional protein complex, beyond the level of alpha helix formation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids received from the rough ER. It directs vesicles to their appropriate destinations, determining whether they are secreted by exocytosis, remain as organelles, or fuse with the plasma membrane.
B. Nucleus: The nucleus stores genetic material and controls cellular activities through gene expression but does not determine the destination of vesicles.
C. Centrosomes: Centrosomes organize microtubules and are critical for cell division, but they are not involved in vesicle trafficking or secretion.
D. Peroxisomes: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances. They function in metabolism but do not direct vesicle destination or exocytosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 100-fold more: A 100-fold difference corresponds to a change of 2 pH units, but the pH difference here is only 1 unit (from 7 to 6).
B. 10-fold fewer: A lower pH indicates higher hydrogen ion concentration, not fewer.
C. 100-fold fewer: This also suggests a lower hydrogen ion concentration, which contradicts the fact that a pH of 6 is more acidic than neutral water.
D. 10-fold more: pH is a logarithmic scale, so each unit change represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration. A pH of 6 has ten times more H⁺ ions than neutral water at pH 7.
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