What term refers to the temporary cessation of breathing?

A. Glomerulus – 6:The glomerulus is the capillary tuft labeled 2, not 6.

B. PCT – 9:The proximal convoluted tubule is labeled 7(first coiled segment after the capsule); there is no 9 shown.

C. Distal convoluted tubule – 8:The DCT is labeled 6(coiled segment after the ascending limb). 8points to the collecting system.

D. Nephron loop – 3, 4 and 5:3= descending limb, 4= hairpin turn, 5= ascending limb.

E. DCT – 9:DCT is 6; no 9 indicated.

F. Glomerular capsule – 1:The capsule (Bowman’s capsule) encasing the glomerulus is labeled 1.

G. Collecting duct – 1:The collecting duct is the long vertical duct on the right (labeled 7/8), not 1.

A. CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion.:CCK (cholecystokinin) is released by duodenal/jejunal enteroendocrine cells and stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction -this supports digestion but describes a hormonal control mechanism rather than a structural adaptation of the small intestine itself.
B. Large surface area due to the presence of the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.:The small intestine’s mucosal folds (plicae circulares), finger-like villi, and microscopic microvilli (brush border) massively increase surface area for absorption.
C. Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum.:The duodenum receives bicarbonate-rich pancreatic secretions and bile which neutralize gastric acid to create an optimal pH for intestinal enzymes -this is an important functional adaptation that facilitates digestion/absorption but is secondary to the structural surface-area adaptations.
D. The small intestine has haustra and rugae both help in nutrient absorption.:Haustra are sacculations of the large intestine (colon) and rugae are folds in the stomach -neither are features of the small intestine, so this statement is incorrect.