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Identify the phases of the uterine cycle. (Select all that apply)

A.

Secretory phase

B.

Proliferative phase

C.

Ovulatory phase

D.

Menses

E.

Luteal phase

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

A. Secretory phase: The secretory phase is a uterine (endometrial) phase that follows ovulation when the endometrium is prepared for implantation by progesterone-driven secretions

B. Proliferative phase: The proliferative phase is the pre-ovulatory uterine phase in which the endometrium rebuilds under the influence of estrogen.
C. Ovulatory phase: “Ovulatory” refers to ovulation and is classically part of the ovarian cycle (the moment of egg release), not listed as a primary uterine cycle phase.
D. Menses: Menses (menstrual phase) is the shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium and is a primary uterine cycle phase.
E. Luteal phase: The luteal phase is an ovarian cycle phase (post-ovulation, corpus luteum activity). Although it corresponds in time to the uterine secretory phase, “luteal” names the ovarian, not uterine, phase.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood: Rising arterial CO₂ (hypercapnia) is the primary stimulus for increased ventilation -central chemoreceptors detect CO₂-induced changes and drive respiratory rate/ depth.
B. pH levels in the cerebrospinal fluid: Central chemoreceptors in the medulla respond to lowered CSF pH (which reflects increased CO₂) and stimulate breathing -true and closely linked to CO₂ levels (mechanism of the primary drive).
C. Buildup of oxygen levels in the blood: Increased O₂ is not a stimulus for breathing; in fact, high oxygen reduces the hypoxic drive. Low O₂ (hypoxemia), not a buildup, can stimulate ventilation via peripheral chemoreceptors.
D. Rising blood pressure: Changes in blood pressure are sensed by baroreceptors and influence cardiovascular responses, but rising blood pressure is not a direct major stimulus for ventilation.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Dyspnea: Dyspnea means difficult or labored breathing (shortness of breath), not normal resting breathing.
B. Eupnea: Eupnea refers to normal, unlabored breathing at rest.
C. Apnea: Apnea means a temporary absence of breathing (no breathing), not normal respiration.
D. Hyperpnea: Hyperpnea means increased depth and/or rate of breathing (e.g., during exercise), not the normal resting pattern.

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