Identify substances that, when present in significant amounts in urine, may indicate a potential diabetic health issue. (Select all that apply)
Urea
Creatinine
Glucose
Ketones
Correct Answer : C,D
A. Urea: Urea is a normal nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine; its presence alone is not indicative of diabetes (it reflects protein metabolism/kidney function).
B. Creatinine: Creatinine is a normal urinary waste product used to assess kidney function; its presence alone is not diagnostic of diabetes.
C. Glucose: Glucosuria (significant glucose in urine) suggests hyperglycemia and impaired glucose handling (common in diabetes) -indicative of a diabetic problem if present in large amounts.
D. Ketones: Ketonuria (significant ketones in urine) indicates fat breakdown/ketosis and is a sign of uncontrolled diabetes (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis) -indicative of diabetic metabolic disturbance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Produce surfactant for the alveoli: Surfactant is produced by type II pneumocytes in the alveoli, not by tracheal cartilage.
B. Move mucus towards the alveoli using their cilia: Mucus is moved by ciliated epithelium (mucociliary escalator), not by cartilage rings.
C. Perform external respiration between air and blood: Gas exchange (external respiration) occurs in alveoli, not at the trachea.
D. Allow the trachea to always remain open for passage of air: The C-shaped cartilage rings provide rigid structural support and prevent tracheal collapse while allowing the posterior tracheal wall to flex -this maintains an open airway.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Chief cells: Chief (zymogenic) cells secrete pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin) and some gastric lipase -not HCl or intrinsic factor.
B. Parietal cells: Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor (necessary for B12 absorption).
C. Mucous neck cells: Mucous neck cells produce mucus (and some protective secretions) to protect the stomach lining -not HCl/intrinsic factor.
D. Enteroendocrine cells: Enteroendocrine cells release hormones (e.g., gastrin, somatostatin) that regulate digestion -do not secrete HCl or intrinsic factor directly.
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