What type of skin lesion is described as a cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis and dermis, often weeping or bleeding?
Ulcer
Fissure
Pustule
Macule
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. An ulcer is a full-thickness loss of skin that extends through the epidermis and into the dermis, and sometimes even deeper tissues depending on severity. Ulcers often appear as open sores or cavities, which may weep fluid, bleed, or form a crust. Common causes include pressure (pressure ulcers), vascular insufficiency (venous or arterial ulcers), trauma, infection, or chronic inflammation. Clinically, ulcers can vary in size, depth, and appearance, and they are at risk for infection, delayed healing, or tissue necrosis if not properly managed.
B. A fissure is a narrow, linear crack in the skin, usually occurring in areas where the skin is dry, tight, or under mechanical stress. Examples include cracks at the corners of the mouth (angular cheilitis) or on the soles of the feet or heels. Unlike an ulcer, a fissure does not create a broad cavity and generally does not involve extensive tissue loss.
C. A pustule is a small, raised lesion filled with pus, often less than 1 cm in diameter. Pustules are commonly seen in acne, folliculitis, or bacterial infections. Pustules are superficial; the skin remains mostly intact, unlike an ulcer where tissue is destroyed.
D. A macule is a flat, circumscribed area of discoloration, less than 1 cm in diameter. Examples include freckles, flat moles, or some rashes. A macule does not involve any loss of skin tissue, bleeding, or exudate, so it is distinctly different from an ulcer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Primary intention healing occurs when wound edges are clean, closely approximated, and can be held together with sutures, staples, or adhesive. This type of healing is typical for surgical incisions or clean lacerations. Healing is usually fast, with minimal scarring, because tissue loss is minimal and infection risk is low.
B. Quarternary intention is not a recognized classification in wound healing. This option is incorrect.
C. Tertiary intention, also called delayed primary closure, occurs when a wound is initially left open to allow for drainage or infection control and is later closed surgically. This method is used for contaminated or infected wounds, not clean wounds that can be approximated immediately.
D. Secondary intention occurs when wounds cannot be approximated, often due to significant tissue loss, infection, or pressure ulcers. Healing occurs from the base upward, filling in with granulation tissue over time. This process is slower, results in larger scars, and carries a higher risk of infection compared to primary intention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Collagen production is associated with tissue repair and chronic inflammation, not the initial acute inflammatory response. Acute inflammation primarily involves cellular and vascular changes, rather than significant collagen deposition.
B. Acute inflammation is characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and prominent vascular changes, including vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. These changes lead to redness, warmth, swelling (edema), pain, and exudate formation as plasma proteins and leukocytes move into the injured tissue. Swelling and exudate are hallmark features that differentiate acute from chronic inflammation.
C. Tissue destruction is more associated with chronic inflammation, where persistent injury and immune activity can lead to fibrosis, granuloma formation, and progressive tissue damage. Acute inflammation may involve minimal tissue injury that is typically reversible.
D. Scar tissue formation occurs mainly in chronic inflammation or the later repair phase after tissue damage. Acute inflammation primarily focuses on eliminating the injurious agent and initiating repair, not extensive fibrosis.
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