What were methods of preserving food prior to technological advances and are still used today?
Salting, sugaring, drying, smoking
Stabilizers, texturizers, emulsifiers
Use of preservatives such as vitamin C and E
Mechanical refrigeration
The Correct Answer is A
A. Traditional methods of food preservation—salting, sugaring, drying, and smoking—have been used for centuries and remain in use today. Salting draws moisture out of foods to inhibit bacterial growth. Sugaring, used in jams and candies, reduces water activity, making the environment unsuitable for microbes. Drying removes moisture, preventing spoilage, while smoking imparts flavor and introduces compounds that inhibit microbial growth. These methods were developed long before modern technology and continue to be effective, particularly in artisanal and emergency food preservation.
B. Stabilizers, texturizers, and emulsifiers are modern food additives used to improve texture, consistency, and appearance in processed foods, not traditional preservation methods.
C. Preservatives such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherols) are modern chemical methods to prevent oxidation and spoilage, and were not historically used prior to technological advances.
D. Mechanical refrigeration is a technological advancement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries. While highly effective, it is not considered a traditional method of food preservation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Childhood generally refers to the period after toddlerhood and infancy, typically from ages 3–12. It is not one of the first three stages of the human life cycle.
B. Puberty is a developmental milestone within adolescence and occurs much later in the life cycle. It is not part of the first three stages.
C. The prenatal stage begins at conception and continues until birth. This stage encompasses all development within the womb, including cell division, organ formation, and growth, laying the foundation for life after birth.
D. Infancy follows birth and generally spans from birth to about 12 months. During this stage, rapid growth, motor development, and sensory and cognitive milestones occur.
E. The toddler stage typically covers ages 1–3 years. This stage is marked by increased mobility, language development, social interaction, and early learning experiences.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells. Its main role is to bind oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to tissues while carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. Hemoglobin is a component of erythrocytes, not the fluid portion of blood.
B. Plasma is the straw-colored fluid portion of blood and constitutes approximately 55% of total blood volume. Plasma is about 90% water and contains essential substances such as: proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium), nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids), hormones, and metabolic waste products (urea, carbon dioxide). Plasma serves multiple vital functions: it acts as a transport medium for blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products; helps maintain blood pressure and volume; plays a key role in coagulation and immunity; and supports the body’s acid-base balance.
C. Lymph is a fluid that circulates within the lymphatic system. It carries immune cells, removes excess interstitial fluid from tissues, and returns it to the bloodstream. While plasma and lymph are similar in composition, lymph is not part of the circulatory blood system and does not constitute the fluid portion of blood.
D. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments responsible for blood clotting. They circulate suspended in plasma but are not the fluid portion themselves. They participate in hemostasis and wound repair.
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