When preparing a female client for an abdominal examination, the nurse should provide her with which instruction?

"Refrain from eating or drinking for at least thirty minutes."

"Lie in a prone position with slightly flexed knees."

"Exhale slowly through your mouth then hold your breath."

"Empty your bladder just prior to the examination."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   The client should refrain from eating or drinking for other procedures but not specifically for an abdominal examination unless indicated for tests like ultrasounds.
B.   A prone position is not necessary for an abdominal exam; lying on the back is preferred.
C.   The client should not hold their breath during the abdominal exam unless asked to assist with specific maneuvers.
D.   Having the bladder empty before the examination reduces discomfort and allows for better visualization of the abdominal organs.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Blowing or hollow sounds above the sternum are abnormal and may suggest a condition like aortic or pulmonary disease. Such sounds are not typical during routine chest auscultation and may indicate pathology like bronchial obstruction or an abnormal vascular sound.
B. Slight crackling sounds, also known as "rales" or "crackles," may be indicative of fluid accumulation in the lungs, often seen in conditions like pneumonia or congestive heart failure. These are not considered normal findings and warrant further evaluation.
C. Faint whistling sounds may be indicative of wheezing, which is often a sign of airway narrowing or obstruction, as seen in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wheezing is not typically considered normal and should be investigated further.
D. Right-sided breath sounds being louder than the left could be a normal finding in certain individuals, depending on factors like body position or anatomical variations. In a healthy individual, this difference may not indicate pathology unless associated with other symptoms such as asymmetry in lung sounds or dyspnea.

A. Examine client's sclera for icterus. B. Review recent serum bilirubin levels. C. Observe the client's urine for dark orange color. D. Assess conjunctival sacs of lower lids for pallor.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Icterus, or yellowing of the sclera, is a key sign of jaundice, which occurs when there is an excess of bilirubin in the blood.
B. Serum bilirubin levels are important for diagnosis but are not an immediate physical assessment.
C. Dark urine can suggest liver or bile duct issues but is not definitive for jaundice.
D. Pallor of the conjunctiva indicates anemia, not jaundice.

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When preparing a female client for an abdominal examination, the nurse should provide her with which instruction?

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When preparing a female client for an abdominal examination, the nurse should provide her with which instruction?