Which abnormality is depicted in the image below?

Scoliosis

Lordosis

Pigeon Chest

Kyphosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. This can result in an uneven shoulder height and an asymmetrical rib cage when viewed from the front or back. The spine may curve to the side, creating a noticeable "S" or "C" shape.
B.   Lordosis, also known as hyperlordosis, is an excessive inward curvature of the lower back (lumbar spine). This condition makes the buttocks appear more prominent and the abdomen to protrude. The pelvis tilts forward, creating a pronounced curve in the lower back.
C.   Pigeon chest, or pectus carinatum, is a condition where the chest protrudes outward, giving it a "pigeon-like" appearance. The sternum sticks out, creating a noticeable bulge in the center of the chest.

D.   Kyphosis is characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the upper spine (thoracic spine), resulting in a hunchbacked or rounded appearance of the upper back. The back may appear rounded or hunched when viewed from the side.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This position is often seen in clients with chronic respiratory conditions like emphysema. It is called the tripod position and can help the client breathe more easily by expanding the chest and reducing the work of breathing. While this position indicates the client is experiencing difficulty breathing, it is not an immediate emergency but rather a sign of their chronic respiratory condition.

B. Fine crackles (or rales) are abnormal lung sounds that can indicate fluid in the alveoli. In emphysema, crackles are not typical and may suggest a complication such as pulmonary edema or infection.
However, if these crackles are not severe and the client’s overall condition is stable, it may not be the
most urgent issue compared to other findings.
C. A respiratory rate of 9 breaths per minute is considered bradypnea, which is significantly lower than the normal range (12-20 breaths/min). For a client with chronic emphysema on oxygen therapy, bradypnea is a concerning finding because it indicates inadequate respiratory drive and potential respiratory depression.
D. A barrel chest is a common physical finding in clients with chronic emphysema due to chronic air trapping and lung overexpansion. It reflects long-standing changes in the chest structure due to the disease. While it is a notable finding, it is a chronic manifestation of emphysema and not an immediate concern in the context of acute clinical status.

A. Lying supine with arms at the sides. B. Sitting with the hands pushing into the hips. C. Lying supine with one arm elevated over her head. D. Learning forward with hands outstretched.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This position is useful for inspecting the overall shape and size of the breasts, but it may not be the best for detecting retractions.
B. This position can help identify changes in the breast tissue, but it may not be as effective as raising one arm overhead for detecting retractions.
C. Raising one arm over the head tenses the muscles in the breast and chest, which can make any retractions more visible. Retraction is often characterized by dimpling or pulling of the skin, which may be more noticeable when the breast tissue is taut.
D. This position can be helpful for examining the breasts for other abnormalities, but it may not be the best for detecting retractions.

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Which abnormality is depicted in the image below?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is evaluating and assessing a client with a diagnosis of chronic emphysema. The client is receiving oxygen therapy at a flow rate of 5 L/min via nasal cannula. Which findings concern the nurse immediately?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

You are performing a breast exam on an adult woman. You are inspecting the breasts for signs of retraction. What is the best position to observe for this?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

In assessing the lymph nodes of the client's breast, which lymph node will the nurse palpate?

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The nurse is preparing to auscultate the breath sounds of a client for an asthma exacerbation. Which breath sounds does the nurse anticipate to find upon assessment?

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Which abnormality is depicted in the image below?

Which abnormality is depicted in the image below?

The clinic nurse prepares to perform a focused assessment on a client who is complaining of symptoms of a cold, a cough, and lung congestion. Which assessments should the nurse include for this focused assessment? Select the three options that apply.